Phil
Quotations: Briefly (in one to two sentences) explain the main point the author is making in of each of the
quotations below. There will be eight quotations on the final exam, and you will be required to select six to
explain. They will be selected from below, and worth 5 points each.
1. “…Maybe he got this idea from seeing that nourishment of all things is moist…and also because the seeds of all things have a moist
nature…” Milesians, Thales, Fragment 2
2. “…the earth is at rest on account of its similarity. For it is no more fitting for what is established at the center and equally related to
two extremes to move up rather than down or sideways. And it is impossible for it to move simultaneously in opposite directions.
Therefore, it is at rest of necessity.” Milesians, Anaximander, Fragment 10
3. “Upon those who step into the same rivers, different and again different waters flow.” Heraclitus, Fragment 61
4. “That which is there to be spoken and thought of must be. For it is possible for it to be, but not possible for nothing to be…”
Parmenides, Fragment 6
5. “…Nor is it divided, since it is all alike; nor is it any more in any way, which would keep it from holding together…Therefore it is
all continuous, for what is draws near to what is…” Parmenides, Fragment 8
6. “For breath becomes cold when compressed and condensed by the lips, and when the mouth is relaxed…breath becomes warm
through rareness…” Milesians, Anaximenes, Fragment 21
7. “It is right for me, gentlemen, to defend myself first against the first lying accusations made against me and my first accusers, and
then against the later accusations and the later accusers.” Apology, 18a-b
8. “I am wiser than this man; it is likely that neither of us know anything worthwhile, but he thinks he knows something when he does
not, whereas when I do not know, neither do I think I know…” Apology, 21d
9. “It is obvious that the same thing will not be willing to do or undergo opposites in the same part of itself, in relation to the same
thing at the same time.” Republic, 436b
10. “…if there is anything beautiful besides the Beautiful itself, it is beautiful for no other reason than that it shares in that Beautiful,
and I say so with everything.” Phaedo, 100c-d (on ERES)
11. “Whence have we knowledge of it? It is not from the things we mentioned just now, from seeing sticks or stones or some other
things that are equal we come to think that other which is different from them? Or doesn’t it seem to you to be different? Look at it
this way; do not equal stones sometimes, while remaining the same, appear to one to be equal and to another to be unequal?” Phaedo,
74a-e (ERES)
12. “One might be especially puzzled about what on earth forms contribute to perceptible things…for they cause neither motion nor
change…” Aristotle, Metaphysics 1.0, 991a10-11
13. “…a [primary] substance, one and the same number, can receive contraries.” Categories, 4a17-18
14. “..he [Democritus] says that man is recognized by his <visible> shape and figure. <This is false>, however, <since> a dead man
has the same <visible> shape and figure that the living man has, but still is not a man.” Parts of Animals, 640b35
Short Essays: Answer the questions below in a short paragraph (4-6 sentences). There will be five short essay
questions on the final exam, selected from below, and you will be required to answer three of them. They will
be worth 15 points each.
15. How did the views of Heraclitus and Parmenides influence Plato’s theory of the forms?
16. How is the sun analogous to the form of the good, according to Plato?
17. Why does Plato think there are three parts of the soul?
18. What does Aristotle mean when he says that the virtues of character are means or intermediates between
extremes? Give an example to illustrate this.
19. What are Aristotle’s four causes? Which does he think is the “primary” cause?
20. Why does Aristotle think that primary substances are the fundamental building blocks of reality?
21. What relationship does the contemplative life share with the life of virtue?
Long Essay: Answer each of the following in a long essay (1-3 pages in a blue book). There will be three long
essay questions on the final exam, selected from below. You will be required to answer one of them, and it will
be worth 25 points.
22. What is the “Third Man Argument” against the theory of the forms? What is the best response Plato could
offer to this argument? Is this response persuasive? Explain why or why not.
23. What is Aristotle’s “Function Argument?” Offer the best objection you can think of to this argument, and
explain how Aristotle could respond.
24. How does Aristotle’s ontology (theory of what exists, and the primary building blocks of reality) differ from
the ontology of Plato? Which ontology is more plausible, and why [offer a reasoned argument here, not just
your opinion]?
25. What are the reasons Aristotle gives for thinking that the contemplative life is the
Ling
Dissimilation, epenthesis, syncope, "expiration"
assimilation: palatalization, de-voicing, voicing
classes of consonsants (nasal, affricate, etc.)
consonant clusters (initial/final)
cardinal vowel triangle
diphthong, (un-)rounding, monophthongization
stress/unstressed
syllable/Latin stress
1st consonant shift (Grimm's Law)
-
prefix/suffix/infix
nominative/accusative/etc.
demonstratives: proximal, distal
word classes; content words (n/v/adj), function words (articles, auxiliary verbs, prepositions, etc.)
word vs. morpheme
-
descended/borrowed/derived
cognate
rhythm in English verse: iambic/trochaic/etc.
rhyme: masculine vs. feminine
consonant "strength" and hierarchy of consonants (Sprachgefuhl)
technical dialects (jargons)
figures of speech
semantic change
"naturalization"
nominalization (ambulance)
clipping (hankie, exam)
Sources of borrowed words, Latin in English
25 report words: sleep cookie planet sugar sky mortgage revert verdict obliterate catalepsy horoscope percussion George policlinic kilogram Machiavellian Quixotic Czar bedlam
Poli Sci
1.
Proportional Representation
2.
14th Amendment
3.
527 Groups
4.
Affirmative Action
5.
Agenda Setting (media effect)
6.
Amicus Curiae briefs
7.
Ken Lewis’ role in the economic crisis (Breaking the Bank)
8.
Barron v. Baltimore
9.
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act
10.
Buckley v. Valeo
11.
Bureaucratic reduction through devolution
12.
Bureaucratic reduction through privatization
13.
Bureaucratic reduction through termination
14.
Bush Doctrine
15.
Calculus of Voting
16.
Citizen Interest Groups
17.
Citizens United v. FEC
18.
Civic engagement
19.
Civic Republicanism
20.
Civic Voluntarism model
21.
Civil Liberties
22.
Civil Rights
23.
Classical Liberalism
24.
Cognitive dissonance
25.
Collective Goods
26.
Cost-benefit self-interest
27.
De Jure Segregation & De Facto Segregation
28.
Defense of Marriage Act (1996)
29.
Democratic Peace Theory
30.
Foreign Diplomacy
31.
Direct Lobbying
32.
Divided Government
33.
DotNet Generation (Keeter)
34.
Duverger's Law
35.
Economic Interest Groups
36.
Episodic Framing
37.
"The Era of Null Findings"
38.
Establishment Clause
39.
Executive Orders
40.
Expressed powers of the President
41.
Facebook and civic engagement
42.
Fairness Doctrine
43.
Federal Election Campaign Act
44.
Federalism
45.
Federalist No. 10 (Madison)
46.
Fiscal policy
47.
Food Stamps
48.
Framing
49.
Free Riders (generally applied)
50.
Full Faith & Credit Clause
51.
Functions of the federal bureaucracy
52.
Gerrymandering
53.
Government Interest Groups
54.
Grassroots lobbying
55.
Griswold v. Connecticut
56.
Hard Power
57.
Horse Race Journalism
58.
Incumbency Effect
59.
Independent voters
60.
Indirect Lobbying
61.
Inherent powers of the President
62.
Inside Lobbying
63.
Interest Groups
64.
Interest groups and the free-rider problem
65.
Iron Triangles
66.
Issue Definition
67.
Issue Networks
68.
Judicial Review
69.
Keynesian Economic Theory
70.
Laissez-Faire Capitalism
71.
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946
72.
Macro-Representation
73.
Majority System
74.
Median Voter Theorem
75.
Michigan Voting Model
76.
Micro-Representation
77.
Monetary policy
78.
New Media
79.
News consumption after 9/11 (Althaus)
80.
Outside Lobbying
81.
Party in Government
82.
Party in Organization
83.
Party in the Electorate
84.
Party Theory
85.
Patterns of turnout since 1960s
86.
Penny Press
87.
Pharmaceutical Industry Lobby (Drinkard)
88.
Plessy v. Ferguson
89.
Pluralism
90.
Plurality system
91.
“Policy Windows”
92.
Political Action Committees
93.
Political Elites (public opinion)
94.
Political Engagement
95.
Political Entrepreneurs
96.
Political Ideology
97.
Political Socialization
98.
Popular Rule in US (Bartels)
99.
Pork-barrel legislation
100.
“Power to Persuade”
101.
Priming
102.
Probability sampling (w/selection bias)
103.
Progressive and Regressive Taxation
104.
Prospective Voting
105.
Recession
106.
Regulated Federalism
107.
Regulatory policy
108.
Reserved Powers
109.
Reasons for decline in voter turnout (Cigler and Loomis)
110.
Responsible party government
111.
Retrospective Voting
112.
Schudson’s new concept of citizenship
113.
Selective Perception
114.
Signing Statements
115.
Single-Member District Plurality System
116.
Social Capital
117.
Social Security
118.
Soft Money
119.
Soft Power (foreign policy)
120.
Sound Bites
121.
Spatial Model of Elections
122.
Strict Scrutiny
123.
Supply-Side Economics
124.
Supremacy Clause
125.
The Civil Service System
126.
The Filibuster
127.
The Marshall Plan
128.
The Second Amendment
129.
Thematic Framing
130.
Third parties in the US
131.
Toxic Assets (Breaking the Bank)
132.
Two-Presidency Theory
133.
Vicious Circle of Interdependence
134.
War Powers Resolution
135.
Zaller's R.A.S. Model
This is what I'm procrastinating on studying.
Also, run-ons are not a scumtell. I cleaned that up since someone pointed it out before, thankyouverymuch.
When I list suspicions, I tend to use a series of short phrases in one sentence. It's just a habit.
Try again, kthxbai. I'm going to go play Bioshock and continue to not study.
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