I have ordered an ox to be 'ready for slaughter', and it is killed rapidly, in a room which has a butchery. I order the butchery to work, and it says I have no animals to use ? What's give?
It worked fine: just killing the animal was all the work a butcher does in this situation (hunted animals will be carried to the butchery for processing, but an animal that's killed at the butchery is already processed). You should see the animals meat, fat, skin, chunks, skull and bones at the butchery.
Meat can be eaten raw or cooked, fat processed into tallow and made into soap, cooked or eaten raw, skin has to be processed at a tanner into leather, chunks will be taken to a refuse pile or dumped (in order for chunks to be dumped, you have to look into your standing orders and set the "dwarves dump other" order), skulls and bones will be taken to a refuse pile (though you could dump them as well via the relevant standing order; I recommend doing so with skulls once your bonecarver reaches legendary, because totems aren't worth much; bones, however, are useful for making ammunition). If left at the butchery for too long, those things will rot, stink up the room and eventually dissolve (bones and skulls are an exception, those only rot outside).
(a room without pet access so they don't exit)
Make sure the room is closed via more than one means. You should put a lever-triggered door or floodgate between the pet-forbidden door and the livestock, because merely having blocking their access via a so-called tightly-closed door is a source of lag, and is also liable to let out all of your animals at the drop of a hat (they congregate at such a door, constantly trying to path through it).
I've got blacksmirth in a mood....
He demands bones, and I have a refuse stockpile FULL of bones. He doesn't seem to want to go get them himself.
How can I get him to get the bones himself? Or do I need to build a specialized stockpile right next to the workshop he's claimed so he notices them?
First off, you have to make sure he can reach that refuse stockpile. Secondly, check to see if those bones aren't forbidden.
Other than that, you don't need to place a stockpile right next to a moody dwarf. They will fetch their ingredients from across the map if need be, as long as they can be reached (check and double-check your standing orders in case you had forbidden your dwarves from going outside).
Another thing that comes to mind is that dwarves will sometimes prefer a given type (or rather subtype) of item. I don't know if this applies to all types of items - I thought it only applied for metals - but you should check whether your dwarf likes a specific kind of bone you don't have around right now.