You might find this one interesting too:
https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/3/21/17139300/economic-mobility-study-race-black-white-women-men-incarceration-income-chetty-hendren-jones-porterThe researchers find that, conditional on their parents’ income, black women actually outperform white women in terms of individual earnings.
Let me be very clear: This does not mean there is no income gap between white and black women. There very much is. In 2016, white women working full time and all year earned $57,559 on average compared to $45,261 for black women working full time, according to Census data. This chart does not show that the gap has somehow been closed or that black women aren’t disadvantaged economically.
But it appears, based on this new analysis, that the massive gap between black and white women’s salaries can be explained by differences in family background:
[graph]
In other words, the fact that fewer black women grow up in affluent families accounts for the ongoing inequality between white and black women’s wages. Black and white women born into equivalently wealthy families enjoy basically the same economic outcomes.
A straightforward reading of intersectionality really wouldn't predict anything like that, the standard reading is that that minority women just have a double-whammy automatically. But as seen, adjusting for
circumstance in this case parental income entirely removes the "black female" penalty rate on income.
Black men have worse economic outcomes than white men coming from the same economic background, but there's no such apparent penalty for black women vs white women.
EDIT: Note: i'd guess this part can be explained at least partly by differences in education spending, since far more black women go to college than black men.
https://www.econ.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/tian_luo_thesis.pdfeducational spending, in the years 1980 through 2003, has risen significantly for Asians relative to Whites, while the opposite is observed for Blacks. Higher educational attainment follows a similar trend, as well as household income, however wage differentials conditional on education level and individual characteristics is still a concern for certain groups, while for other groups, wage differential is reversed. In these years, the wage differential that favored males has decreased, but still largely significant. Minority groups and females are generally disfavored, as suggested by the residual wage differential, however the wage differential is gradually and completely reversed for Black females and Asian Males with higher education in recent years. In fact, these two groups earn on average 14% and 13% more, respectively, than Whites with the same education level and individual characteristics.
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Yeah, I get the point about colonialism but I also think that's a separate but related point. What we're talking about here is people
today and the outcomes given the same circumstances. For black people, it's the interplay of gender and race, specifically, that seems to matter, but in the sense that the lack of economic mobility is entirely limited for black men rather than women. And pretty much all of that can be explained as we're not investing enough in black male education. More scholarships specific to black
men should do it.
EDIT2: I recall reading something similar about England too. Poor working-class boys falling behind in education, getting in trouble etc. Could be a similar dynamic there to in the USA with the black kids, which links back to the class thing. Could be we don't expend enough resources education working-class boys in general since they're seen as just a laboring class, whereas working-class girls are seen as a pool of skilled labor (office work, filing etc), so resources are spent on
their education, because this is seen as maximizing the labor value overall: poor boys only good to lug stuff around, but the girls need skills to be economically useful.