Every dwarf receives a custom profession so I can track them in Dwarf Therapist - though custom does not mean unique, and I've had as many as six "Forgepriest"s when I got a dump of metal-working immigrants. Labors are customarily assigned by group - only Culinarists haul food and gather plants, only Laborers haul furniture, wood, and stone, etc. However, I rarely change their names.
If you can build it out of blocks, I only build it out of blocks. Rough stones are raw material, not building supplies! Additionally, no external fortress wall can be made of soil.
Military training occurs in waves, beginning with Proficient Pump Operator before recruitment for the stat gains. Every recruit becomes a competent wrestler, then a competent marksdwarf. Then, if their personality is not grossly ill-suited to permanent military service - not self-conscious, timid, or full of RAGE - they acquire competency in the spear, then the hammer, then the axe, while the Fortress Guard is also taught swordsdwarfship. Once all these skills are at Competent, they alternate between wrestling and weapons practice for the remainder of their military career. If a dwarf's personality precludes them from service, they spend each winter practicing marksdwarfship and the rest of the year working their civilian jobs.