Zos - you should read the wiki on some of these terms and concepts. It will make things clear(er) and answer questions you haven't thought to ask yet. "Fuel", "sedimentary", "bituminous coal", "stockpile" and "smelter" may be some good places to start. Also "exploratory mining" for a semi-advanced lesson in how to find ores, and "the non-dwarf's guide to rock" (link on main page, center, under "Guides").
Now, let's be clear on the game terms - which are NOT clear, unfortunately. "Bituminous coal" is dug out by a miner - that is not the same as "coal" or "coal fuel", which is either charcoal or coke - or "fuel", informally. (There are some other game terms, refined coal and coal fuel, which are the same but only muddy the water - I'll use "fuel").
Charcoal is a fuel, and that's what you have now so that's what you'll use to smelt the B's Coal.
B's Coal will be put in a stone stockpile (but is also useful right where it's been mined), and charcoal in a block stockpile (once processed, charcoal and coke are "blocks", and in fact can be used for other "block" purposes, unless those need "fire-safe stone" - which charcoal is not.)
ZG summed the rest up well.
If you have B's coal and charcoal, it's possible that some dwarf(s) are waddling over to put them into a stockpile. Pause the game, and use <k> over one of each and hit <f> twice - that forbids them (canceling any jobs involving them, and adding that big yellow F next to them) and then unforbids them, ensuring that they're free to use. Then go to your smelter and try to queue up that job again, knowing you have (at least) one of each.
If that doesn't work, then there's a path problem, and we'll have to sort that out separately. (Have you successfully used this smelter for anything else?)