Pretty much always set this up:
Forgeroom: Always in magma if I have it, I put 3-4 smelters and two forges. I have one forge autoproduce battle axes and one auto produces caps, using the cheapest metal I can find. I stop autoproduction occasionally for necessary items but I keep it going until I have a legendary armorer/weaponsmith for masterwork armor out of the good metals. I don't waste steel or adamantine by giving them to a crappy smith. Bar stockpiles nearby but far enough away that fire snakes can't burn my wooden bins, also ore stockpiles nearby.
Stoneworks: Two mason workshops, two mechanic shops and one craftsdwarf shop. One mason shop starts on chairs the other on tables to make my first legendary dining hall, both mechanic shops set to autoproduce mechanisms for the entire game because you can never have too many of them. Craftdwarf shop set for stonecrafts so I have early game trading goods. I put a stone dump in here so all of the junk stone in my way ends up here for mass furniture and mechanisms. Eventually the craftdwarf shop is removed.
Butchery area: Butcher shop (two if needed), tanner shop (two if needed) two leatherworks, two craftsdwarf shops, cages and the kennel. I also put the refuse area right next door. Craftsdwarf shops are set to auto produce bone bolts and totems, leatherworks makes armor if I have no metal, but usually ends up making a bunch of backpacks and waterskins, a few quivers and lots of bags and clothes. Leather is cheap so I end up buying a lot of it and making all of my clothes out of it.
Lumber Yard: x2 Carpentry shops, Bowyer, Wood furnace (multiple if I have no magma), and a huge wood stockpile.
Farms: One room for each of the major crops, make a farm that focuses on that crop, though they have other ones on off seasons. Size of the room depends on the crop, I have a small 3x3 farm for dimple cups and a big 8x8 farm for plump helmets. One central room with a farmer's workshop and quern for plant processing, keep food mix off and a stockpile for all processed crops linked to the workshop room.
Bedrooms: Usually stack them for 2-4 levels around an up/down staircase, carve out 3 wide rows as long as you think is reasonable for your dwarves to walk then cram in as many 3x3 rooms as you can.
Living area: Usually right below the farms, I put my dining hall and statue garden in here, also the dwarven gym (bunch of unlinked pumps that I assign my dwarven reserves to operate for a toughness boost) and usually the noble housing end up here.
Siegeyard: Not always made, but if I want siege equipment I have a few catapults here. I usually carve out an area in my mines for it because otherwise I'd have to haul stone to it. Destroys useless stones.