I honestly don't think so...not on the battlefield, anyway, and I've been studying historic melee weapons from all over the world, for 30 years now.
It's so hard to say whether anything like that ever actually existed, and 30 years isn't a lot of time, when you consider the enormity of the subject, but I'd like to see evidence that if it did, it was anything other than a ceremonial object. In any case, it would have to be rare.
As far as double-headed spears go, yeah there are Wushu expedition weapons that conform to that. A case could be made for some of the more esoteric Martial Arts weapons conforming to a double-headed sword, as well, but that's a stretch. It's possible that there might be a Wushu version of the axe, as well, but I couldn't even find one of those.
The closest was a long-handled axe with a spearlike butt.
If you're looking for an exotic weapon that's a known quantity, I think you'd do better with more standard Martial Arts weapons, and Congolese weapons.
For a particularly interesting double-ended weapon, look no further than the kusari-gama. A flail on one end, a sickle (kama) on the other end.
On another subject: here's a very nice Wikipedia article on the Oakeshott sword typography. There are links at the bottom to descriptions of each type of medieval sword, with pictures.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakeshott_typologyPossibly, our smiths could make swords that conform to each of these styles of "longsword" (and in some cases, bastard and great swords), further expanding our option to make unique weaponry.