Haven't read the whole thread, but I'll share my opinions. (so assume everything as "imo" or "imho")
1 - Is Intelligent Design a valid scientific theory? Why or why not?
Can't say i know much about it, but from what i do know, it's not a very scientific theory as it assmues that god (or some-such else) exists, something that has yet to be scientificly proven. So, no, it is not.
2 - Is evolution a valid scientific theory? Why or why not?
It is a theory that explains observed results, and does so rather well. That's pretty well the deffinition of a scientific theory to my knowledge. So, yes.
3 - Do you consider evolution to be a theory, or a fact? Why?
hmm... well... is newton's theory of gravity a theory or a fact? newton's theory of gravity was assumed to be a fact (i suppose) for many years, until Einstein came along and showed that it was incomplete and inacurate in cerain cases. So for the moment i would say it's safe to accept evolution as a fact.
4 - Do you consider Intelligent Design a scientific way of thinking, or mainly a religious way of thinking? Why?
Again, i'm not very familiar with inteligent design, but it seems to be an attempt to science-ify a religious beleif.
(Just as an aside, I believe that any attempt to combine faith and logic is doomed. They're like oil and water.)
5 - Should evolution be taught in public schools? Explain.
Any scientific course of study should include evolution. As i said above, i consider it a sound scientific theory.
6 - Should Intelligent Design be taught in public schools? Explain.
If it can be taught without a bias toward any specific faith, I don't see why not. I'm not sure if that's possible, however. If it were to be taught with a bias towards a certain religion, it would be in violation of the US's "segregation of church and state" policy. (Yes, in know it's in the Constitution... it's one AM and i'm not great with words to begin with.)
7 - Should Intelligent Design and evolution both be taught alongside one another? Explain.
I believe i answered this one in #6, but to be clear: If ID can be taught without bias, there is no reason not to teach both. Let the children decide for themselves.
8 - Is it possible to believe in a divine being, as well as Evolution?
Although I am am atheist personally, i can understand the possibliity of this belief. Say that "god" (for lack of a better term) created the universe and all the matter in it (and possibly crafting the more complex structures like stars, planets, etc.) and has more or less left things to run there course since. Although i can't imagine why one would worship such a creature, i have a hard time understanding faith of any sort.