How many decades does it take for the balck lung to kill a human? It should take at least twice that long to kill a dwarf, probably more and that's assuming that coal mining is bad for dwarves at all.
I would personally like to see more death from natural causes in dwarves, but I'd like their life expectancy to still be uberdickulously long. Occupational hazards your take a century to down a healthy dwarven individual, assuming the gobs don't get him.
Dwarves are going to need a better way of coping with the loss of a loved one than axing up the remaining members of their family, before that becomes a real possibility. (I'm hoping that religion comes with happy-thought funerals and grief counseling.)
As for spatters, I'd like to see monsters that attack with various forms of material spatter. If dragons can breathe arbitrary materials then acid spitting plant beasts aren't too far from reality.
Ooh! Monsters with concentrated acid for blood. Once dwarves have a procedure for removing spattered filth, you just have them do that immediately if they get spattered with acid. Discarding contaminated armor could be an option, in the absence of a source of water to wash with.
Dwarves who are covered with acid (or on fire) should be able to commandeer water buckets with other destinations, since it's an emergency and time matters.
What happens if you jump in a pond, while covered with acid, besides the water getting contaminated? Isn't there some sort of fuzzy effect that can spatter foamy half diluted acid on things? I'm afraid I have only vague memories of Chemistry class.