The tools of a dwarf surgeon would be a gallon of whiskey, an axe and a hot shovel.
Our dwarfs is hardcore, but they aint stupid.
I think they'd have a full range of excellent medical tools for every concievable purpose (scalpels, saws, even waterpower-driven blades and drills), and that, atleast where the actual surgery is involved, they'd probably be better at it than most pre-1400ad surgeons, simply because of the fact that dwarfs live so damn long.
Elves would probably be much better diagnostic healer-physicians, because they live longer than dwarfs. Ofcourse, their being the best herbalists is a given.
Goblins might actually have the best broad level of medical skill/technology around, because not only do they live forever, like elves, they lose more fights than dwarfs do.
Not to mention, the goblin Nation is made up of every common humanoid race in the DF world, so they'd be familiar with techniques and illnesses that nobody else would know about.
Although I *am* liking more and more the idea that the Leechmen would have special healing talents that no other race could duplicate, atleast where diseases of the blood and body are concerned.
I think it'd be cool if those guys could have like an internal dialysis machine, and be able to drain all a dwarf's blood, cure any illness present, and then put most of the blood back (Leechmen need to eat too), without permanently harming the dwarf.
It might even be cool if a Leechman's ministrations actually *could* reduce the rest time required for healing some wounds (depending on the wound), due to their "skills" with blood, and pain-reducing/eliminating saliva.
As an aside, aside from any abilities they might or might not possess, and ofcourse the theme, I'm interested in Leechmen because I think it would be cool to see atleast one of the humanoid races being potentially an "additional resource", when you find them on the map. As it stands-aside from the dubious benefits humans and elves might provide-having any humanoids around your Fortress is universally either a serious annoyance or a threat.
I can't think of any exceptions, atleast for dwarfs, and I don't think it should always be like that.