I agree that it would be nice if guards did actually arrest people without killing them outright. Maybe basing their behavioral logic in real-life policemen might make sense?
Something along the lines of first doing a basic consoler/pacifier check from afar, then if unsuccessful the guard would try to wrestle the tantrumer to the ground and hold them down (easier if there is more than one guard involved) and then do consoler/pacifier skill checks until the perp calms down enough to be taken into custody.
If the tantruming dwarf is unarmed but fighting back effectively, the guards should bring out their less-lethal weapons - body blows with maces is a good example. If the tantrumer has already attacked dwarves, they go straight to this stage.
If they face armed dwarfs intent on murder, they take no chances and bring out their crossbows. Same if the perp has already killed someone (not counting pets).
Also, I like the idea of some tantruming dwarfs only damaging property and not people, with the opposite also possible. I guess I think this should be based on personality instead of severity, but perhaps we could have both. After all, most humans would probably start throwing stuff long before they begin hurting other people - but then again, maybe dwarfs are different.