A few things:
Gestation periods are a must, and should adversely affect dwarven females to some extent. No more of the "Oops a baby just fell out of me" births.
Names, dress, etc., and gender roles could all be defined by how a civ relates things to different cultures.
For names, if the civ sees Hares, Cups, Donkeys, and Plump Helmets as feminine objects, then they'd have names based on Hares, Cups, Donkeys, and Plump Helmets for their women.
Dress should be more utilitarian. If the civ thinks that mining is a man's job and masonry is a woman's job, the man might get skirt-esque clothes, while a woman might get pants so that she's able to climb on the megaprojects easier. (That gets into gender roles)
More things could be considered gender-differentiated, such as architecture, toys, and so on. This would depend on the society's values, so it'd have to be randomly generated, to an extent. Perhaps there should be raws for anything that could be considered gender-differentiating for different races, with a few different options for male and female stereotypes, as well as gender-neutral toys.
Gender roles would be a combination of perceived capabilities, jobs, and preferences. This all seems trivial to add to the Random Number Generator and raws.
What would concern me, though, is that we'd be stepping into a completely different world in terms of gender roles. Perhaps the game could somehow walk us through the expectations of each gender?
Speaking of gay dwarves, someone should probably look up the wikipedia article about non-western homosexuality concepts. It had a discussion about something called "the third gender." (I don't remember much of it, and am off to dinner now.)