Sounds interesting, here's my feedback though:
School/University - the implementation I would prefer is something more like a meeting place where people gain skill experience. If say a dwarf of any age (except infant) was completely content and had nothing to do, they would go to a university to get some slow but steady skill increases. And of course, can't get attribute gains like this. But on the flip side, dwarfs don't really seem the scholarly type.
Nursery - Not really all that useful, I'd rather be able to customize a meeting place to say baby/young/any dwarf meeting place (or any combination of those).
Hospital - Maybe not a full out hospital, but definitely a triage/doctor's office. Typical set up would be near beds (also, probably need a way to mark beds for wounded dwarfs only) and the doctor (Health Care skill) would take injured dwarfs into the triage and attempt to improve the condition of a wound. Depending on the doctor's skill, they could worsen/better/not affect the wound. This would be especially useful once Toady implements wound infection and diseases!
Fire Department - A bit too narrow in my opinion. How often is stuff going to catch on fire? I'd say instead make the fortress guard the sort of catch-all peace enforcers. Since they dispense justice, why not give them fire duty as well? Just have a bucket stockpile where you think a fire is likely and they will attempt to put it out. If you don't have a fortress guard yet, you probably should have been more careful ;p Make it so you actually might WANT fortress guards instead of some quota you have to keep.
Library - this could be merged with the school/university idea. Dwarfs could have the tag "enjoys learning/reading" or something, and they'll get happiness and skill increases from it.
Brothel/Museum - don't really find these very interesting or useful.
Council Chambers - I like it. Even better if it comes pre-installed with spikes/floodgate next to a lever! Actually, this could also be part of customizing meeting areas.
Concert Hall - I like it, might be a little awkward to work out all the specifics, but if I can make instruments I'd like to use them.
Gladiator Arena - Like the Concert Hall idea, I like it, but it'd probably be a mess to implement.