Yeah, you have to be very particular when making dwarves tantrum. There are some very interesting ways of doing it, but you do have to spend a lot of effort on a single dwarf to do it.
For this example, I will use a few key aspects, such as deprivation.
Build a small enclosure somewhere outside, and build a ramp leading to the top from the outside. Channel out two or more tiles, with at least one tile of space between them.
Underneath, build another enclosure around one of the open spots, and then fill that with water. You may want to make it a bit longer, and then channel into it from outside the aboveground enclosure. This will allow you to refill the water supply without entering the enclosure. Do not hook up a brook or other flowing water source.
Designate refuse stockpiles around the other holes, but not on the opened tile itself. Finally, dump a ton of lead coins or bone bolts into the aboveground enclosure and unforbid them.
You now have an area that will do several things: First, the dwarf will be outside. If he has adapted to cave living, this in itself will make him a bit unhappy, but he will also be subject to rainstorms as well as the unhappy thought of having slept outside in the dirt.
Next, it allows you to pick what type of food you give him. I don't think dwarves notice if their food is a little bit xXspoiledXx, but you can at least keep the good stuff away from them.
Thirdly, the water supply is both stagnant and watery, two things a dwarf does not care for.
And finally, miasma will seep up from the underground refuse pile and float up through the hole to disgust your dwarf. Miasma can't form aboveground, but it can certainly exist aboveground.
The bolts/coins are just there to train throwing skill for when he tantrums.