Looking into things a bit more, I think I can still do some work with Cinnabar and Cobaltite for the other two. It'll just involve Alchemy.
Cobaltite contains not only Cobalt, but Arsenic as well. Which mean an extract from Cobaltite could give me an elixir that lets you not only make Night Crystal, but can also give you
Arsenical Bronze. Probably two varieties, one with just Copper and one with Copper and Tin. Superior to normal copper and bronze respectively. Obviously, this is beyond the scientific scope of DF. But it works well if you bring Alchemy into it.
Cinnabar gives Mercury (Quicksilver), so that's of obvious Alchemical importance. Since Cinnabar itself is a red crystal structure, treating Tempered Crystal with Quicksilver to produce Blood Crystal works on an Alchemical level (if not a scientific one). So I think I'll go with that.
Structurally, I'll need to give Night Crystal better hardness then normal Tempered Crystal and Blood Crystal should give both slightly better hardness and much better edge capabilities. Both will be a bit heavier since additional metals are included in the final Crystal.
Void Crystal is my next project, although that may just end up involving an extra Alchemical step to mix Quicksilver with whatever the Elixir from Cobaltite ends up being called.