If you're referring to the surface when you say vegetation..
Cavern mushroom-trees. For beds and charcoal fuel for forges, with no magma.
And for food, you can grow crops underground on muddied soil provided you bring seeds, if your civ has access to them.
You can also create grazing areas underground after you expose the caverns, if you have caverns with moss, even if the surface is sterile.
Also, a few animals don't require grazing, yet produce food, similar to Turkeys. But there are many egg layers you can also bring, in addition to Turkeys, like Peacocks.
One viable non-farming option I've successfully used is Pigs for meat and cheese, and they don't need grazing/food. That's just a matter of scale for sufficient meat/cheese.
The wiki is being stupid slow for no good reason, but there may be, iirc, a chart/table that shows grazers vs. non-grazers.
Even with no caverns and no rain, no embark surface vegetation, no wild animals, and no surface/cavern water, if you can bring Pigs and seeds, you can thrive. For beds, you just need to bring a few logs from the mountainhome. If you pick a steel friendly site, you can use lignite or coal for fuel, if there's no magma and no trees. Aquifer makes it dead easy, but you can survive without any surface/cavern water, it's just.. risky if there are injuries or infections, as the Dwarves only consume alcohol, and Armok help you if you run out. I've even survived in a no-animal no-seeds dead civ embark by raising bees only for food/mead. It's challenging, but possible.