I thought somebody recently revived this thread, but now I can't find it.
These two were Rose's idea on the Kitfox Discord.
Praise the miners: Extract adamantine
Curse the miners: Encounter a certain complication when mining adamantine
My own punny ideas, generally interpreted as rewards for figuring a system out, without going into special cases. (Incidental things like striking a cavern feel undeserving of achievements imo.)
Thirsty still: Brew a drink (using a barrel and crops at a still)
Secure lodgings: Make a fully enclosed bedroom
Bolt, plow, and hook: Butcher a wild animal, harvest a farm plot, and clean a fish
Greener grass: Assign grazing animals to a pasture zone
Warming up: Make charcoal (at a wood furnace)
Going well: Retrieve water using a well
Heavy spar: Practise combat during militia training
Comfy clothes: Make a set of clothing
Fine dining: Serve a cooked meal in a dining hall
Shiny dirt: Glaze earthenware (at a kiln)
Keeping count: Attain perfect bookkeeping precision
Come one, come all: Trade at a depot
Happy as can be: Bring a dwarf to extreme happiness
Grinds my gears: Link something using mechanisms
Right on track: Ride or guide a minecart
Wetwork: Operate a screwpump using axels
Art patron: Have a successful strange mood
Honey beards: Split a bee hive into two separate colonies
Beloved mayor: Fulfill a petition (for a guild or temple)
Manu propria: Write a codex (at a library)
Beyond the beard: Send a mission out to another site
Forever in our hearts: Bury or memorialise a dead dwarf
And most importantly, everyone agrees on this - Losing is fun: Lose your first fortress or adventurer
(Could have different flavours, as OP suggested)