I got into the BIOS (though it doesn't look like what I thought the BIOS looked like), and while I didn't see any way to change the graphics card, I saw this set of information. I don't know if it helps.
Video controller = Intel kabylake Graphics
dGPU Video controller = AMD Radeon R7
Video BIOS version = GOP 1066
Video Memory = 64 MB
Panel Type = 17.3" FHD
Native Resolution = 1920 by 1080
Does that help at all?
EDIT: I have more information. Some of it I forgot before.
So, I tried Cursed Treasure 2 on Armor Games today. I didn't get an error message this time, but the game refused to actually start. All the data was loaded, but it was stuck. Still, no error message. So I tried a few other games. I tried Kingdom Rush Frontiers on Armor Games. And that worked... sort of.
Here's the thing I forgot about: When I first saw this problem on my other Windows 10 laptop (something that's also true for this one), local saves for these games does not work. One game, which usually says "Save successful" when you save, said "Save Failed". Other games, after saving, will show no data when you go back to them.
Kingdom Rush Frontier kept the data for a new game I created via it's online save slot, but when I tried to click on a local save slot, it just didn't work at all, Nothing happened.
I should also mention, I tried Cursed Treasure 2 on Kongregate, where they only offer local saves, and this held true there too. Started a game, played a few minutes, went off the page, came back, no data.
Originally I thought this had to do with the graphics card since that was the error message I was getting, but now I'm not sure. Ideas?