I think a few false positives here and there are the price for being able to associate stuff in the first place. For example, if you were able to engineer a person who would never make that wrong association under any circumstances, then what would that look like? They might lack the ability to make inferences at all, if there was any "signal noise" or mismatch between the inputs, only understanding that two things are connected if they're literally the same. They'd be a very frustrating person to talk to, possibly coming across as a person with deep autism or other learning disabilities.
A lot of the platonic ideals of "perfect cognition", such as impeccable perfect recall, would in fact be crippling in other ways. There are a number of people with extra-good recall and many of them are unemployable and receiving disability support, mostly as a result of the fact that they're wrecks of people because any slight trauma from years ago never fades. That's a downside of perfect recall that people don't consider - that you have perfect recall of trauma and emotions as well as facts, dates, times. It's just unreasonable to expect perfect recall to be perfectly compartmentalized so there's no downside to that. The brain has finite processing power even if you have 'infinite' memory capacity, so having all your previous experiences unfiltered is actually crippling, since you can't actually discard bad or harmful information. It basically makes you more like a walking card catalogue than what we think a healthy person should be, again, you see this in autism.