[1] No reason to believe it doesn't exist in single-seat fighter cockpits, like Ties or *-Wings. Unless any EU material ever depicts floating things/bodily fluids, and even then that could be an AG failure, not the total lack of it. It's probably even adjusting (or automatically self-consistent, regardless of the external forces) to allow those high-G, negative-G and torsioning yawing and rolling manouevers to be undertaken by pilots, much the same as the Inertial Dampeners in the 'Trek universe. The skill to flying might be more about how to 'feel' your movement properly and fly by the seat of your pants when you have no direct personal inertial cues (apart from momentarily undampened vibrations from micrometeorite impacts or atmospheric turbulence, whenever they happen).
[2] Must check footage of (say) un-forced docking of ships in Death Star-like landing bays to see if they assume the ship is weightless to space, but then has to 'hover down' onto its landing gear once inside, and how they transition (a firm limit boundary passing across their body as they pass through the air-bulkhead, or a gradient, or a lobe extended) but this might be complicated by tractor-beam technology automagically helping the 'raw' transition.
[3] Ship propulsion, and in-ship inertial/gravitational fields are somehow less un-stealthy than projectile or missile launchers. Because. (The 'submarine scene' with the Falcon gone to ground in the asteroid 'cave that isn't a cave' comes to mind as a time when they even hushed their voices, at least temporarily, but that could be more psychological (in-universe, as well as filmically) than practical.)
[4] Or possible tactical reasons in case the planet-killing not-a-moon should be sufficiently wary of not-a-moon-killing weapons possibly fired directly from the moon-planet, even for the highly over-engineered defences of the DS. Before it is more locally scanned and deemed militarily safe according to standard Imperial military doctrine.
[5] There is no sign (that I am aware of) that any sneak attack upon an 'orbital' installation was ever made by taking heavy/explosive projectiles to the antipodal point from the target and boosting them away over any/all possible intersecting orbits. And near-intersections, to catch any attempt to move the target out of the way of any detected incoming threats, perhaps even deliberately made detectable and set to 'herd' the installation into the zone the true destruction will rain upon. And setting a small but deliberately 'stealthed' (painted and/or shielded) asteroid in counter-orbital collision to a target might be a very good stood-off attack vector, compared with sending a crewed vessel in at virtually 'docking speed' in a near-suicidal deliver-then-depart bombing run.
1: In the EU, fighters and larger ships use thingys called "Inertial Dampeners" that can be dialed back to preference to provide g-force feedback for pilot feedback while limiting it to 99.9% or whatever the pilot prefers of it's natural effects. It's basically the explanation how pilots aren't flattened by inertia at such high speeds, and a way to cripple a small space craft. A pilot in one of Allston's X-wing series died due to g-force unconciousness when it was damaged.
As for how they do gravity, I forget. However by the time of the Empire repulsor technology was very advanced. In the EU craft could fly on repulsors up to a certain distance from another object, and they were used for landing and low speed VTOL stuff.
The EU had an ancient and massivve space station in the Correllian system named Centrepoint that
In the X-Wing series the cockpits did not have gravity in a few scenes, though that scene it may have been damaged or unpowered in space as blood droplets were floating before the pilot engaged some kind of magnetic bubble seal in the orange jumpsuit good for a few minutes of cold vacuum exposure and was tractored into a corvette for treatment.
As to why the DS had to make that cumbersome approach in the first one I dunno. I guess maybe they were overconfident and were worried the Rebels might have some sort of STO weaponry to plink them with as they moved into range? I wouldn't want to tell Vader I scratched the paint on his new ride...
My favorite Star Wars character ever:
https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Wedge_Antilles/LegendsI think Wraith Squadron would make for good movies; Allston was good at adding a dash of comedy to dark situations in a way that parallels moments in the Disney episodes such as BB8 or whatnot flying around due to not being strapped down. I describe the new episodes to myself as more Pirates of the Carribean Star Wars rather than the more consistantly serious pre-Disney episodes (though those had their comedic moments too, it didn't seem a core aspect and Jar Jar wasn't beloved..) I think in comparison to the Rogue Squadron books as they are comparable with different writers, Wraith Squadron would make for a better Disney produced movie as Pirates moments have a better place in a story about competent misfits. Also Captain Darillion.
I think Karen Traviss's books set in the Old Republic about Stormtroopers was the best EU explanation for Stormtroopers. Unfortunately I wasn't able to read the full series, essentially the initial batch of clones from the Kaminoans or whatnot are drastically superior to later Stormtrooper generations engineered by Palpatine, as somehow they were flawed to the point that the original stormtroopers are shocked at their inaccuracy. While I can't cite this as I didn't finish the Traviss series, later EU books suggest Palpatine gave up on cloning eventually or at least minimized it's use and turned to normal recruitment at some point. The original clones had a drastically shortened lifespan but I think were still fertile; some possibly managed to pressure surviving Kaminoan scientists to correct their quickened aging and became part of the Mandalorian culture but I didn't have that book.
Also the first generation had better Stormtrooper armor; and the elite unit that are main characters in the Traviss series had further armor improvements based on Mandalorian beskar metal (since they were raised and trained by Mandalorian mercenaries, they adopted equipment and traditions. Beskar also happens to resist lightsabres...). It's been a while since I read it, but I'm somewhat confident it describes the devolution of standard equipment due to costs as well over the course of the Clone Wars in a way that made enough sense at the time.
EDIT: By the time of Palpatine I don't think Sith are speciesist personally, but Palpatine utilized it. The Sith in the very early EU were an actual species who were red skinned and had tentacles around their mouth. They were inherantly force sensitive as a species, however their first contact with force users came in the form of fleeing Dark Jedi who had lost a space war against the light side Jedi. As the Sith were universally force sensitive, they quickly dominated the Dark Jedi. Oddly, it seems they could crossbreed with the Dark Jedi whether naturally or not, and over the course of conflicts with the light side Jedi eventually the Sith weren't the species Sith but rather humans (and maybe other species too) following the Sith philosophy into the Old Republic era, where both sides and their governments rise and fall until the rule of 2 goes into effects and the focus isn't on open warfare, which drives the rule of 2 into hiding until Palpatine does his thing.
In the late EU,
it's found that a Sith ship had failed a hyperspace roll and became stranded, taking over a planet of natives and remaining undiscovered until the post-Republic era. I think the actual Sith species again died out here but I can't remember if there were half-Sith crossbreeds or not; if they survived in any form it was here. There is also ANOTHER Sith group that predates the rule of 2 and does not acknowledge it in another location, though the EU ended before they were able to do much other than loom in the background. I think the next round of books would have featured them and the conflict between the two SIth groups; one with a whole planet of Sith users but lower technology and inexperience from seclusion and the other a much smaller coterie of very powerful, very experienced darksiders who managed to stay hidden while Palpatine and the rule of two burned itself out; thus allowing Luke's son to keep working with his Sith girlfriend from the big Sith planet as (at first at least) an alliance of convenience, though it's suggested in a Force vision that she'll end up an outcast from the jedi to some extent while still connected strongly enough to be present in the vision; my guess was as a rare Gray Jedi of some sort who couldn't fit in due to philosophical reasons similar to Kyp Durron except moreso as Kyp was arguably Gray due to his stance on interventionism by the Jedi but was still a full Master in Skywalker's New Jedi Order.