Actually those are not types of lasers, except for chemical.
Your laser types are primarily:
Chemical: By ionizing certain gases, and then firing large numbers of photons into them, the photons will be emitted with the same frequency at the same time, meaning that a peak for one is a peak for all (When graphed as a wave). This is called "coherence", and is the basic principle of "lasing", the property by which a substance, under certain conditions, will produce a beam of coherent light. Sometimes chemical reactions can render the chemical mixtures necessary inert, though functioning multiple-use chemical lasers are used today.
X-Ray (Nuclear): First, detonate a small nuclear bomb. Then, use copper rods to collect the rapidly expanding spherical shell of x-rays (That briefly outrace the explosion) and direct them towards a target. The amount of radiation (And, you know, nuclear fallout) released makes this weapon pretty much unadvisable unless you really don't care about the planetary population...or you're in deep space. Also, the bomb tends to blow things up (This is a genius revelation, brought to you by Mad Science, Inc.), like the laser system itself, so it's only a one-shot weapon.
Crystal: Firing light through certain crystal matrices will cause a lasing effect, but it does run the risk of melting the crystal if overused.
While the electron pressure effect it cools, you pretty much need to have your own personal star to make it measurable, especially at long distance, so it's not really a practical anything right now. Unless you REALLY want a solar sailer...which is unadvisable.
Hard light?.....Well, there are ways by which you can do fun things to light, but as a general rule, relativity stands, which means light always travels at the speed of light. Duh. Plasma is probably a better option.