I totally agree that the US health insurance and health provider industry is out of whack. I think an important first step, which should be easier to get passed politically, would be to (as mentioned above) break health insurance tied to employment. It really sucks to change health insurance companies when you change jobs. It makes little sense to tie health premiums to specific employers rather than classes of work*.
I did that this year, and we had used up the deductible with the company I had at the beginning of the year. Change companies, deductible resets. Expensive.
I think you can do that without even changing the tax benefit: you keep the income tax deduction for health insurance premiums (but
remove the tax deduction for employer-paid portion; basically make the employers pay that to the individuals) but legislate that policies go with people, not with jobs.
You've also got to break the AMA rules and normalize the requirements for becoming certified medical professionals across the states. There's no reason that "first aid" type medical services should cost as much as they do - seriously cuts, bruises, even stitches and simple broken bones (including x-rays) should not cost $5000. Surgery, sure that can cost more, but if you allow "local doctors" you can have greater supply which will relieve cost pressure.
I do believe it makes sense to tie insurance premium to type of work. If you are a lumberjack or steel mill worker, you have a different probability of work injury than say a school teacher or real estate agent. But this also means we need to split health insurance into several types - basic health care, "injury insurance", and "chronic illness insurance".
I'm really interested in practical ideas on how to actually make things like housing, food, whatever "universally available". Or more accurately, I'm interested in the missing piece - at what price do you intend for them to be universally available? What is the tolerable length of waiting list for, say, a house in a town you want to move to be available? What if you want to move to a town where there are no houses? What do you do about things that aren't fungible, and so can't be universally available? Is a house in Detroit the same as LA as the same as Fictional, Kansas?
Also, I guess I'm getting old and cynical, in that you think that the funds not spent on health care premiums would be spent on more "useful" things instead of frivolity.