Wait, are you trying to pay for my wish list with the revenue of one year? You're also ignoring that healthcare would be a net negative cost since people aren't going to be spending on private healthcare. Also that space mining will pay for itself -- at $20T per rock, even after you assume metal markets collapse 75% it pays most of the extra costs by itself.
But yeah, the stuff needs to be done, and it needs to be paid for (at least partially). But we can do deficit spending. After all, we still have vast quantities of untapped productivity. And, we can take decades to do it.
Yes; the education, health care, and carbon sequestration costs are per-year, so if you want to take the Mars program off it's still an annual cost of about 4 trillion. I didn't add the space mining since the initial costs affect what is within the delta-v capability of the mining fleet and what's required of the mining target composition to enable ISRU (since everyone just assumes that for propellant now) and so there's not a single concrete budget without more information. If you have a specific proposal in mind we can certainly add those costs and eventual profits, but many of the more economical proposals run into the same problem as the rest of your wish list: the benefits lag behind the cost by more than an election cycle. If you take decades to do it, ignoring the urgency of the climate problems all the rest of it, the opposite party will claim, accurately, that you've raised everyone's taxes to buy things for other people. Voters hate that. They, like you, want other people (the rich, in your case) to pay for their things, not the other way around. So, four years of taxes into your plan, you lose to President Anti-PTTG, who promises to can illegal immigrants for school lunches and burn down our forests just to teach the liberal climate who's boss but also stop the hardworking taxpayers of this country paying for some scapegoat's cosmetic surgery and some other kid to go to an irritatingly fancy school (and you know those stories will crop up, like with welfare, from nothing if need be), and that's the end of that.
It's unavoidable as a consequence of dramatic overhaul, I'm afraid. Fix the school system, and the benefits ramp up over a twelve-year period after you've finished. Fix health care and you've got to deal with the backlog of people with untreated diseases before the effect of early detection really starts to show up. Mars takes months just to get there and years to build anything, space mining could take a decade, and of course the climate's going to take even longer to restore.
I actually like your list. I'm just wondering if there's a way to implement it so we don't get a repeat of Trump taking credit for Obama's effect on the economy and so forth.