Info Dump:
Everyone should have Minor Understanding of Magic Lines and Minor Understanding of Magic Circles (If yours says Minor Understanding of Lines and Circles as one thing, thats because I was getting tired of typing it out twice) so I'm going to talk a little bit about those and how magic works.
Creating a magic line or circle is technically a spell, but is is really just a component of another spell. To do so, one must simply draw a circle in the air while focusing their power. Doing so will leave a small trail of power for as long as you continue focusing and channeling your magic. Other mages can see your magic lines and circles as they glow slightly. Mortals can see them if you draw them especially thick and bright, but they normally wont see the magic lines for small spells. Magic lines and circles can be placed onto objects in any mundane means as well (paint, inscription, thread, blood, ect. ect.), but will not activate until charged by a mage casting the spell they correlate to. This means that they can be activated by any mage, as long as the mage knows the spell.
Magic lines work by moving power. They take power from one place (a magic circle, a mage, or an enchanted object) and connect it to a destination or target.
Magic circles work by containing power. When using a magic circle in a spell, you place power within it, and it cannot escape except in the particular way you've specified. This causes the magic to slowly escape and an effect to be achieved. If a magic circle was to be broken, then it would cause the magic to be released (in a small explosion) and the spell to fizzle.
Experimentation with magic lines and circles is often a good place to start research, but can also be dangerous. You may quickly find that you can modify your spells by rearranging their lines and circles or chain spells together in some manner, but you may also find that some spells must be put together in a certain way or they may have terrible and unforeseen consequences.
Research is fairly straightforward. You will describe an experiment that you would like to try and the result you are aiming at. Then I will tell you what happened, and if you learned anything new from it.
Example: I know the spell Frozen Shard. It is achieved by drawing a magic circle with a magic line facing a direction. This causes an icicle to form and fly in the direction of the line. I'm going to chain several magic circles and lines together and see the results. I'm trying to get an especially long icicle to form.
Result: When all the lines face the same direction and connect the circles, each circles actives simultaneously. This causes one long icicle to form. Learned that you can increase the length of a frozen shard by chaining several together.
Now that is all fine and dandy for trying to make a new spell out of an old spell, but if you want to try and make a new spell, you're going to have to take a few shots in the dark.
Example: Same ice mage. I'm trying to freeze an enemy's blood, but I have no idea how hemomancy works. I'm going to take a small animal, a rabbit maybe, and draw a new magic circle over it. The intention behind the circle will be to freeze the blood of the rabbit.
Result: Through several trials, all of which fizzled, you finally get something to happen. One particular magic circle, when charged with enough energy, sucks the heat out of the air beneath it. This caused a layer of frost to coat the rabbit, and after several minutes of excruciating pain and agony, the rabbit froze to death. You learned Minor Heat Siphon!
Also, should turns be brought down to be a month instead of a year? It's starting to seem that a year per turn may be too long a timespan to really be able to run a government (and also an extremely long time for running a single experiment or casting a spell).