Just got into this game earlier this week. I think I'm doing okay but I also don't really know what I'm doing. Is there some kind of starting guide that I can use as a checklist and/or any wiki better than the in-game one?
Your most basic goal is to get rich. In order to get rich, you need to recruit as many settlers as possible to increase your work force, and expand your land to increase the number of resources you can exploit. Both of those goals are accomplished by building huts/houses. Roofers are the best starting builders, having all the skills needed to make huts. Once you are ready to build houses, add carpenters and bricklayers. Later, when you start constructing walls to protect your wealth, you'll want to add more bricklayers as they have the strongest influence on wall-building time and quality. As your population grows, continue training more of these builders, keeping about a third of your population building 24/7.
Train one or two woodcutters to procure wood for your buildings. If the wood provided by your trees is plentiful and low-value on the market in your area, then just fell the trees; you'll get all the wood you need in the short-term and you can easily buy more later if needed. If your trees have more expensive wood, then just harvest them, and sell what you don't use.
Build roads out to any stone/metal/clay in your domain, and build quarries/mines/pits to harvest those materials. These buildings have limitations, usually 3 arpents between buildings, so plan your roads as needed to optimize how much you can extract. Check the prices for everything you can produce and prioritize the most valuable. Train specialized workers to extract materials, and buy the best tools you can afford to increase the quality of what you extract. Sell whatever you don't use, and grow your wealth. Another third of your population should be dedicated to extraction and processing teams.
Once your wealth has grown enough that you begin to fear raiders may try to steal it, consider building a barracks and training some combative units. A swarm of men with sharp and pointy instruments should be forming a protective wall around your lord at all times. The final third of your population should make up this military force.