British team made a breakthrough in gene sequencing technology.
They managed to sequence the entire DNA of a human by putting a drop of fluid in an USB-sized device.
The procedure only costs 1000 euros per sequence read.
The team used an existing device called minION, which analyzes DNA sequences by squirting them through a very tiny hole. A senor measures changes in the electrical field in the hole, while the DNA sequence rushes through it, and the sequence of DNA base pairs can be derived from those measurements.
Up until now however, the minION could only handle pretty short strings of DNA.
The British team prepared the DNA in a special way, allowing them to read sequences of up to 1.2 million base pairs with a single minION run.
By using special software, they could then put the measured sequences back together like a jigsaw puzzle, and end up with the near complete, 3 billion base pair sequence of the human DNA.
The team even managed to decode hard to read parts of the genome, on which big laboratory equipment failed to deliver. The DNA catalog of the human genome still has about 700 'white spots', which are parts of the DNA that are hard to reach or to read. The Nottingham team managed to fill in 12 of those blanks, just with their first experiment.
Furthermore, they also gained some new insights into the 'packaging' of the DNA.
Such information is crucial in understanding how the DNA works. Compare it to a cookbook, in which the grease stains on pages tell you which pages are used most frequently.
Total costs for the reading of one entire genome were 50 thousand euros, because 50 strings of DNA had to be put through the minION.
Still, this is a fraction of previous costs.
Only 15 years ago, scientists managed for the very first time to map the human genome. Back then, that cost 2 billion euros, and took 13 years to complete.
https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.4060https://www.volkskrant.nl/wetenschap/doorbraak-iemands-dna-aflezen-kan-nu-met-behulp-van-een-usb-stick-voor-nog-geen-1-000-euro~a4563443/