All mobile entities require some sort of power source. Something without energy cannot move.
With organics that's food and sleep and possibly stored up material.
With robots that might be recharging, might be solar power, might be internal fission reactors, it heavily varies.
With cybernetic entities (KX9 as an example) it might be food, might be various input materials, might be solar, might be smallscale reactors, again heavily varies.
Psions can be both mechanical or biological. Certain kinds of psions can attain sustanance through their psionic abilities but that's rather rare. There's no necessary upper limit. Generally speaking, the higher the tech, the nastier the damage that a given agent can do. Even with the average of T1.3 for most human civs, the every day civvie would be able to mop the floor with trained soldiers from a modern military irl due to the various extensive genemodding and implants for both longevity, increased productivity, and general capacity. That just won't be readily apparent outside of feudal world raiding. As people got harder to kill, guns got more killy.
There are absolutely bots that are a match for the various posthumans running around. Hell. If we take into account the sheer scale of some bots (Namely shipdrones that the more advanced races use), the average post human would be able to do exactly jack shit against it. There is only so much one can do when they attempt to punch a literal starship. And in the end? Tactics is the biggest killer. Four bots with superior tactics will normally off a given posthuman.
Anomalous events and entities crop up on a semi regular basis. Some of the population are aware of them, others are not. That depends heavily on the civ in question, on one hand, ignorance can be a shield, on the other hand, watchful eyes can lead to quickly noticing a problem before it gets bad. Depending on the severity, how early it was noticed, and the specifics behind the anomaly, it can lead to a quick resolution and erradication/containment, to an entire district being quarentined, or to a planet being glassed and the oceans boiled. Most civs have a significant portion of their budget going to various mopup teams for dealing with the various weird bullshit that crops up and a number of higher tier civs have entire fleets dedicated to it. When you loose an entire planet to toothpicks that burrow into your skin and lay eggs or an entire colony literally falls out of existance and is replaced with a rip in reality full of hungry eyes, you will generally take that kind of shit seriously the moment something is reported. Expecially subversive anomalies, memetic agents, and anything that can make more of itself or spread. It isn't necessarily an increase in frequency as time goes on, it's more of a "More people leads to more psions/anomalous inputs leads to more problems and data transmission has become easier over time, leading to better recording of events."
You can reasonably assume that you'll have to deal with a few active anomalies aboard your ship at some point or another. The Clusterfuck is relatively dormant, but that doesn't mean all of its denizens are asleep. Any old vessel capable of intersteller travel is going to have something or another lurking in it. Especially when the ship was made specifically to draw them in.