...politico.eu is far from being the best site to get informed about this stuff, smjjames. It's pretty much a russianbot site. Hence the fact that you can find two articles saying contrary things on the same day
To summarize
Basically the problem is how to protect the integrity of the open border in Ireland.
Long story short, but yeah, GFA
Right now, Brussels is giving two options,
Not really. Brussels is asking the British goverment to present a Brexit plan stating what they want. As it stands, the British goverment has two official suggestions:
custom partnership and max fac. Neither is considered viable by the EU
stay in the EU market in a Norway Plus type deal
No. This is what some in the British goverment muse they want. AKA: Stay in the single market but without the
Four Freedoms. Goes without saying this is not regarded as viable by the EU.
What they could do is stay in the EEA in a Norway or Swiss style deal. That would keep them in the single market, but crucially, would also preserve the Four Freedoms (and in the case of a Norway model, the ECJ). Which aren't acceptable to Theresa May's goverment.
or leave, minus Northern Ireland
Not quite. The EU suggested as a backstop, should no other solution be presented, a fallback position in which NI,
while being still British, would stay in the Single Market. This was not acceptable to the British goverment because in that scenario they'd have to keep NI outside British customs.
The British goverment counteroffer was to make the backstop apply to all the UK, but this was not acceptable to the EU because it'd be basically a backdoor for a Norway Plus deal.
The catch here is that, according to the article, the only way to preserve the NI-RoI borders and protect the integrity of it's (not sure who the article is referring to here, England?) market, Britain has to give up sovereignity of NI
This is the bit that is pure fake news
. Neither the EU nor the British goverment are actually suggesting sovereignity changes.
Had to read the article a few times to be sure that's what it was saying, because being forced to give up a chunk of it's territory usually takes a war to happen
See above
No idea what that would mean, if say, Italy were to exit, unless it's something unique to Brexit because of Northern Ireland.
The whole backstop thing is because of Irish politics, which I will defer to Irish people to explain, as these days I struggle even trying to explain Spanish politics