It seems that in this new version there is the possibility to influence your dwarf's beliefs through reading. From the devlog-
Dwarves read books in the library (they don't need to be scholars)
Values can be passed in writing and through adventure mode arguments
According to the wiki entry for philosophy
http://dwarffortresswiki.org/index.php/DF2014:Topic#Philosophy-
Writers can push value "agendas" if they are skilled enough. Description format: The [worthlessness | value | nature] of [belief] The specific view that a philosopher takes on, say, the nature of beauty or methods of education will depend on their individual/cultural values, where they apply, and a philosopher that encounters a philosophy book on beauty can then provide their own take (having acquired the innovation).
Looking at the wiki entry for beliefs
http://dwarffortresswiki.org/index.php/DF2014:Personality_trait#Beliefs there are a few that stand out as value agendas that would be good to promote like hard work, martial prowess and stoicism.
It seems that the personal values of your philosophers and visiting philosophers could have a serious effect on your civilization. You wouldn't want a philosopher who "finds the proposition that one should work hard in life utterly abhorrent" to write the book called The Worthlessness of Hard Work. It might seriously effect productivity in your fort.
I'm going to try to do some Science on this in my new fort by starting a number of my settlers with high Critical thinker skills. Once I get my fort up and stable I may switch to adventurer mode and visit my fort to argue with my philosophers to see if I can introduce values that way.
A few questions I have-
Are all dwarfs capable of reading?
Is there a way to entice dwarfs to read in a library?
Is there a way to develop the Critical Thinking skill?
Is there a way to limit what books are in a library?