It's really difficult to discuss the meaningful elements of this patch because of how much heat is being thrown off by this dumb outnumbered fire rate bonus. I will say this about it:
1. it sounds extremely dumb as a concept
2. it is extremely dumb as a mechanic
3. we don't need to resort to any kind of arguments about realism or anything to know #1 & 2
4. it will not end up mattering much because large empires are still going to crush small empires
the other changes are a mixed bag.
Fleets hard capped- This doesn't do anything but enforce more clicking. Fleets will still fight together. You can still move fleets together. They will even all travel through hyperlanes together, arriving at the same time. The only thing this does is slightly limit admiral bonuses by requiring additional admirals (and thus, marginally smaller bonuses for some of your ships.)
Ship disengagement- sounds fine, but for any real effect in wars it's going to depend on that war exhaustion mechanic they described weeks ago. withholding judgment on it since it's really part of an entirely new system. but generally i don't think it's going to matter much. as Space Comrade Churchhill said, wars are not won through disengagements. If you can't win battles, you're not going to win the war anyway.
No more reactor aux- Sounds great! It was so dumb to fiddle around with different slots trying to get the power balance right. Glad they got rid of that. Wait, they didn't: "To add a little bit of flexibility into this system, we have created a new line of utilities called Reactor Boosters that go in the Aux slot and provide some extra power for the ship, allowing smaller power deficiencies to be addressed without needing to downgrade components." Yep, still going to be futzing around with individual components trying to get the power equation to balance.
Weapons/Armor/Missiles - sounds fine, too vague to know how it'll shake out in the future and mostly doesn't matter anyway. There will end up being an optimal design for what the AI does, an optimal design for the crises and each leviathan, and various designs for MP.