Well yeah, a decade or so is a "in a perfect scenario" type of thing, and doesn't include many other factors. Realistically I would certainly expect to be able to hit a fairly stable agrarian society, complete with domesticated animals and a budding plant husbandry project, and with highly advanced ideas of science, medicine, sanitation, and a whole host of other modern ideas before I died. Such a society should also have large amounts of recorded knowledge, meaning that should they find an adequate source of metal they could then leap to a strange "bronze-industrial" (steampunk?
) age, with ideas and machines from the industrial era cast into bronze instead of steel.
For food purposes you'd ideally be near an ocean, as it provides the absolute best food source at that level of agricultural technology, as well as the salt source needed for preserving your food. Barring that your next best guess is to go hunter/gatherer until you find a cave that can provide you with either salt or nitrates through bats. At that point your best bet is probably to split the group. One half stays there to accomplish as much as they can on a handful of specialized tasks, while the other moves on to avoid overburdening the ecology at that location, as well as gathering as much food as they can from nearby locations, before bringing it back to the first group. The first group would be working on setting up a salt curing location for meat, transplanting as many berry bushes, young fruit trees, and other food-bearing wild varieties to near their location, and working on getting a basic ceramics work area up for storage vessels. They would also work on setting up a basic fenced area, since you don't actually need to domesticate an animal to farm it. If you can trap them into an area, then you just need to drive them from that area to your new adjacent one every once in a while as the grazing gets low, and picking them off becomes much easier. You would also work on raising captured animals, selecting directly for the how close you can get to them. It would be the start of a domestication process that we now know (thanks to the Russians), should finish in a handful of decades. For the time being it would still provide a reliable source of meat, though.
Come winter you should have both groups rejoin at the stationary location and pray you can make it through, since that would be the toughest point to breach. The cave should provide a fairly nice shelter, albeit a slightly chilly one, but it would probably be warmer than outside in the middle of the winter. During the winter you should then focus on disseminating as much information as you can to protect yourself from accidents happening. Instead of storytelling around the fire there would be lecturing going on. At this point a large part of your food would probably be meat related, though if you had managed to save up a bit of fruit and other plant foods and were careful about doling it out you could probably make it through the winter without any serious issues.
At spring and for the next few years you would seek to continue the pattern, looking to achieve stabilization as quickly as possible. You'd also want to get ink and paper or vellum up and running as soon as you could without endangering anything else, since that allows you to start writing down all of this knowledge to protect yourself from accidents. Honestly farms are unlikely to be the way you want to go, since the domestication of draft animals and the lack of plant husbandry performed would severely hurt any attempt. Instead your best bet is probably going to be to focus on meat production (boars will eat just about anything, as will goats, and fish can be fished for most of the year), supplemented by transplanted orchards, berry fields, and other returning food crops to remove the need to replant each year while still providing enough of a varied diet.
At this point you're basically just going to be continuing your efforts into the food industry, while working on perfecting various water-powered things like mills, working on your woodworking, ceramics, cooking, and paper industries while getting as much of your knowledge written down as possible before you die of something or other, and that's about it. At this point how much farther you can go literally comes down tot eh luck of the draw with metal deposits; if you were lucky enough to find some basic metal you could then get to work on a basic blacksmithing operation, which would allow for drastic increases in tool quality and a huge decrease in the amount of time certain tasks take. You could then also work on getting a glassblowing industry up, while drastically cutting time required for woodworking now that you can set up a lumber mill and cut down trees much easier. Get even luckier and have a wide variety of minerals and you could take the level all of the way up to basic steel forging.
End result is a civilization filled with ideas of science, woodworking, stoneworking, government, and medicine from today that would still be elsewise stone age for all intents and purposes until they could discover a source of metal. Given the fact that infant mortality would be much lower due to basic health tenants, you would probably see a population explosion allowing for the push out of new settlements. Should any of them discover a source of metal, then you would see another huge technological leap, as they jump quickly up to almost the pre-industrial era due to finally having a metal that they can work with.
Perhaps a better question would be "if you were dropped into the jungle somewhere, would you survive?"
I'm pretty sure the original question's point was more about technological/societal advances rather than just basic survival skills, which is why I've been handwaving a bunch of things like language barriers, people believe what you are saying instead of thinking you are a madman, and your personal disease resistance (and theirs to whatever future diseases you bring back with you). Because honestly without the handwaves the answer for pretty much anyone, even modern-day wilderness survival masters, will be "get sick, be shunned by the natives due to starting horrible plagues with anyone you meet, and die a horrible death alone".
A related point though, which is that if you were actually dropped on earth (as opposed to some other pseudo-similar random planet) you wouldn't necessarily need to find metal or oil. You could already know exactly where the metal deposits were located and would just need to get there.