I'm considering using the nearby brook to create some kind of water defense flood/cannon outside my exterior gates.
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What other kinds of water defenses might be good?
Depending on the situation of your site, variants of "Load minecarts with water, fire it/them at invaders" may or may not be practical. In some versions you could set up a self-contained system that would basically slam the cart against a fortification to launch the contents downrange; and Water [833] would be treated as a single projectile, doing considerable bludgeoning damage and knockback. I'm not clear if that still works well; the search term you're probably looking for is "minecart shotgun". The advantage of this system is that it can be set up to be fully automatic; pull the lever / trip the plate, firing continues until reset.
Failing that, a possibly simpler and more deadly solution, but one requiring a lot more dwarf-powered resetting, is to just launch the water-filled minecarts at the bad guys directly. Intermediate re-usability is to have a "doge 'em" trap that sends the water-filled minecarts back and forth or around and around, until they hit an invader trying to path through the death zone.
With care, you could develop a system that works for water now, but can be upgraded to fire magma if and when you get around to creating a pump stack. This would let you get the bugs out with a more forgiving fluid, and probably get you results sooner as well.
The minecart shotgun does still work, but it is somewhat fiddly to set up, and the cases which are known to work take considerable effort to build.
QuantumMenace's masterpiece example uses all silver minecarts, a ton of power, and I believe would take several game years to build. I have been working on figuring out the simplest possible method, but every time I think I have it worked out I encounter problems and it jams. A few tips:
(1) Assuming you want the minecart going quite fast, you must collide it with ANOTHER STATIONARY MINECART to stop it and cause it to release its contents (water). If you use a wall or fortification, a fast enough minecart can teleport through it and get stuck.
(2) The minecart needs to be going at least speed 70,000 to launch its contents when colliding with another minecart (or wall, but see above). This means a max speed roller plus at least 5 impulse ramps.
(3) Assuming you want to drop the minecart through a hole after it is fired (this is the most popular reload design), it takes 8 ticks for the minecart to fall through the hole. If another minecart collides with it from behind during this time, it gets stuck, and your cannon jams. This means you need to regulate release of your minecarts to be slower than 8 ticks. I believe raising them out of water using a medium roller should accomplish this, but I am having problems getting this to work, due mostly to
(4) You MUST ensure that any parts of your cannon which are supposed to be in 7/7 water are pressurized (with pumps) such that they remain at 7/7 at all times, including right after a minecart fills. This part is really annoying, as things like floor hatches and I'm not sure what else will hold water above them at 7/7, but will NOT maintain pressure. If a minecart goes through a square which is at less than 7/7, then the friction is far less, and it will be moving faster than the cart in front of it, which often results in unwanted collisions and jams.
TL:DR - I am pretty sure QuantumMenace's design will work in 40.24, but its really resource and labor intensive. If I can figure out a simple design, I will post it, but I have been too busy to mess with this for a while. This is
my design thus far, but as I said I am not 100% sure it works.
Also, a drowning chamber is MUCH easier to build than a cannon, and makes things just as dead, so...