While customization is awesome, the ammount of weapons in game is pretty lazy. Same with nonpower armour.
How far are you into the game? I'd guesstimate that there's approximate parity with the number of guns in NV or FO3, but yeah, early on you're just going to encounter a bajillion pipe guns and a few short-and-useless hunting rifles and double barreled shotguns. The customization also means that every 'base' gun has at least two, usually four to six effective guns inside it.
Here's a list of all of the 'base' weapons I've encountered thus far (I'm at level 25):
+Pipe guns of all sorts--this includes revolvers, pistols, SMGs, rifles, automatic rifles, sniper rifles, &c. chambered for about half a dozen different rounds. Really about a dozen weapons in this, but whatever.
+10mm pistol
+.45 SMG
+.45 Combat Rifle
+.308 Hunting Rifle/Sniper Rifle
+.50 Sniper Rifle, a conversion of ^
+Laser (Pistol/Rifle/Sniper Rifle, each with ~2-3 different designs)
+Plasma (^)
+Institute (^)
+Double Barreled Shotgun
+Combat Shotgun
+.44 Revolver
+Minigun
+Flamer
+Rocket Launcher -- you can mount a bayonet on it hahahahahahaha
+Fat Man
+Switchblade
+Board
+Baseball Bat
+Cane
+Combat Knife
+Ripper
+Shishkebab
+Power Fist
+Supersledge
+Chinese Officer's Sword
+Revolutionary Sword
+Grognak's Axe
+Deathclaw Gauntlet
+Junk Cannon
+Gamma Gun
+Syringer
Keep in mind, those are just the base weapons which I have physically encountered and remember. Each of them has at least 2-4 builds (in terms of base stats and damage effects, &c.) meshed with 1-3 naming conventions/classes.
One thing I'm surprised they did not add, with all the crafting currently in there, is an equivalent to New Vegas' loading bench. The ability to break down ammo and reform it as other types would be a godsend, as ammo is otherwise expensive to buy in large amounts.
Yeah, I'm surprised they left that out as well. That said, there's always the old standby of carrying four guns or so. Usually by the time you start running low for one, the others all have a few hundred/thousand rounds stockpiled. .308, .45. and .38 are all very, very common, so one each of those is usually a good idea.
Also: gun sounds are pitiful in this one. They sound like toys.
Same question as the first one: how far are you in? At 6h it's probably not much--most of what you're encountering is still almost exclusively shit-tier pipe guns firing .38 pistol rounds, with a few weak short-barreled hunting "rifles". Right now I've got a fully kitted set with a .308 sniper, .45 DMR, combat shotgun, and 10mm pistol. The shotgun's the only one that doesn't sound quite as meaty as I'd like it.
Also, if we're talking about sounding like toys, the new sounds for laser weapons make up for a
lot of sins.