There's a few links here and there. Plenty of reading.
Yes, shields exist. They have to, because at high speeds, running into debris would be amusingly fatal. It's more of a particle shield than anything, though.
As far as propulsion goes, uhm... that's fun to explain. On the "top" and "bottom" of the ships are huge gravity band wedges that provide propulsion and are presently unable to be breached by any known weapon. On the "port" and "starboard" are weaker versions of the same thing (sidewalls) that cut effective range when active, but that
can be shot through both ways (think 20,000 kilometer range for energy weapons), although you're generally not going to be able to take energy shots at someone unless they can fire right back at you. It does, however, leave the throat "fore" and kilt "aft" completely exposed to incoming fire, with the throat being the bigger of the two. Ships aren't always in the exact same location within the wedge, etc, etc.
EW is going to be a thing, in many ways. Jamming, stealth, decoys, etc. Be creative - if you want an EW missile in the salvo that fakes splitting into ten missiles, invent it.
Robots? Well, there's going to be a lot of automation, and you can kit out ships to be even more automated, but full auto ships aren't very popular outside of fighters. While you're certainly going to have pseudo-AI that's specifically designed (Robotaxis, for example" there's been enough sci-fi to understand that "gee, maybe we shouldn't put total automated control of a ship that can mass-extincti a planet in less than a day", and such.
With the current propulsion system, the response to ramming is "turn up so they ram straight into the gravity bands and die", although you're encouraged to be creative with Fighters. It'd be handy against 'fixed' installations which are all sidewall and no wedge, though, assuming it doesn't get blown the hell up on the way in.
Aliens? Feel free. I was mostly going with "Earth sentients, which include some of the higher nonhuman species, genetically adapted for longer life and planetary adaption" with the idea but aliens can absolutely be a thing. (Anyone remember Kai Queen?
)
Medical science is pretty far along. Cybernetics exist, limited regeneration exists, Vorkosigan style cryonics exist, etc. Brain damage and spine damage is still pretty bad and very damn hard to recover from, but getting a limb blown off or falling on the grenade isn't necessarily permanently fatal or crippling, assuming the procedures are done right. It will absolutely have negative side effects even if the person is immediately put on ice, all the flechettes pulled out, internal organs cloned and regrown, etc.
Some things, you'll be able to just pick up in space. Hydrogen, raw materials, etc, you'll just pick up - shouldn't be TOO hard to find meteors and crap like that. When it comes to weapons, defenses, modules, foodstuffs, trade goods, etc, there's going to be actual trading involved. Same with "Oh hey, you stumbled across a derelict pre-FTL colony ship that ate a missile through Nav and Com and Cryo Control", too.