What is the Islamic concept of salvation? Is there a good deeds/proper faith split like in Christianity? (If these even are meaningful terms in Islam.)
I don't know how to simplify this but basically its like this.
During your lifetime, all your good deeds and sins are recorded until you die, Once you're in your grave, an angels comes down to you and wakes you up from you sleep, he asks if you believe in God and his prophet Muhammad, if you do you are shown a glimpse of heaven, if you don't then you are shown hell, so you can see what's waiting for you.
On Judgment day once everyone is dead, all the people of earth are lifted up from earth into the afterlife where you get judged by God (you don't get to see him though) If you have more good deeds then sins you go to heaven and if you have more sins you go to hell, also you can expect to go into one of 7 different levels of heaven, the highest is where all of God's previous prophets are and only those with very few sins if any go to, while the lowest one is where those who believe in God and worship him but have slightly less sins than good deeds go to.
I would also like to know what Islam believes on judgment day
.
IIRC, Judgment day starts when
This beast appears and the sun rises from the west, It will be signaled by an Angel "Israfil" blowing into a horn killing everyone on earth except those whom God spares, he blows into it again and people are resurrected and lifted up to be judged.