Drakale: Yeah, I will be slow as hell. I have some experience, till down to -15°, I cycled to Kiev last winter. And had a lot of mountain passes in the Alps, Andes, Himalayas... I mostly know the cold from climbing mountains, not from cycling.
I will use Schwalbe Marathon Tour for the ok-parts, and once it gets proper snowy/icy I switch to Schwalbe Ice Spiker Pro. They are the best spike tires on the market, luckily I get them for free. They are 150$ otherwise. ^^
The drivers are always the biggest danger, be it the US, India, Africa... you get used to it. Its not something I can influence a lot, besides making myself visible. And not cycling at night, which I still hope to do, just to cover more distance.
Defacto:
High five your father, he knows whats up. I have to avoid overheating as much as possible, which means cycling in flimsy clothing with a merinowool layer, and hopping into some proper ski/down clothing as soon as I stop moving. Its gonna be fun.
gimlet:
All your advice is wrong. (except the wool one)
Sorry to just say that, but let me explain:
- Route and Schedule: I have neither a planned route nor a schedule, and I wont even carry any form of communication device besides a netbook anyway. Even if people knew where I am, its near impossible for them to help. I have never heard of any long-term traveller that sends texts to anyone a couple of times a day.
- Carry backups / emergency sleeping bag: The trash-bag poncho would literally kill me in those temperatures, and carrying backups for all my essential gear would mean that my bike is twice as heavy. I would have twice as many bags, I would spend another couple thousand Euros, and I would burn much more energy moving that bike. Which makes me slower, which means I dont come to towns that often, which means I have to carry even more food and fuel. Downward spiral.
- Gear on body to survive a couple of days / energy bars: Impossible. I burn up to 10,000 calories a day, the energy bars wont influence much, and first night in the open without my gear means I'm dead. There is no reason what-so-ever that I would ever get anywhere without my gear. I travel by bike, how could I go somewhere and suddenly realize that I forgot my bike?
- I literally never used a cellphone in 7+ years and 115 countries of travels. (at home, in Germany: Yes) There is absolutely no use for them, besides calling couchsurfer/warmshowers hosts ahead of time, which I usually do by email.
All of it would make sense if the temp is around freezing and you are on a tour for a couple of days. But at -40° your skin freezes after 30 secs if exposed to air, and with a duration of 12 months and a route I make up on the fly, there is really no space to call someone for backup or carry an emergency energy bar.