First of all I love the mod, keep it up
More foreign-sounding names maybe? You should ask a german and deon for help with those though.
Yeah I started using stuff like unteroffizier and etc, using the actual names of the ranks they used in ww2 or etc. Starshina for the soviets. The problem with that, and what I juggle with, is the idea of someone else just coming into the mod and the concepts. Now the weapons, I gave them all unique names because to a unknowing person if you think about it, what the fuck is a "scimitar", well its a weapon that looks like this. These weapons all have a uniqueness to them in such a similar way that just calling them swords or daggers would be silly, and boring. Now some of the words for different weapons come from the other nation's translation, But with things like the Scimitar, we don't look at it and go, oh that's a sword in our language, No, It's a scimitar. It's unique.
Ranks and Nobles are a very different story. Offizier is pretty easy to make out, and a lot of the german names you have listed sound close enough to english counterparts that a person could probably make them out. But what the fuck is a Hauptartz? I can see there it's chief medical, If I look at the list, but thats looking at the list, and that makes things for new users a bit more of a pain. They already have to do it for all the weapons most likely. This gets harder when a lot of the russian names have very very different sounding terms as well, a lot less counterparts that sound similar to english versions.
This leaves a question of balance between going proper, and going user friendly, and personally, I'm not really sure where to go with that. I am perfectly okay with using all the proper terms and such, it does add flavor, and I have no problem figuring out what means what. This mod is for me mostly, but still I feel if a majority of people would be iffy with that, then I don't know.