Theres also all those new cities (I don't know how many, but they exist) which are too expensive for 99.99% to even afford to move into.
I can understand them wanting to be able to house the ever growing amount of Chinese flocking to the cities, but complete cities that may as well be ghost towns? Kind of defeats the purpose. I'm pretty sure there are things that can be done that don't involve building entire cities just to do a 'what does nature do to abandoned modern cities' experiment.
That's not a government thing, that's a private real estate thing. They need an investment for their oodles of money so they build a high end condo as a place to store value. It's like people buying gold, they're just using it to store wealth (or as a foolish speculative bid.)
It's a bit of both. There is a government urbanization plan which calls for 80% urban population by 2050, because 80% is still over 1 billion people. And rather than create metropolises all over China (in part because a not-insubstantial portion of China's land area isn't really habitable), they're trying to create three megacity complexes:
Bohai Bay (Beijing-Tianjin-numerous other cities)
Yellow River Delta (Shanghai-Hangzhou-Nanjing-Suzhou-numerous other cities)
Pearl River Delta (Guangzhou-Shenzhen-numerous other cities)
Each of these would house about 340 million. The idea is that rather than having to build roads, sewers, electricity, etc. across millions and millions of square miles of China, they'd just have to concentrate their efforts in three areas. Of course, you'll need roads with 52 lanes, nine-decker bridges, and sewer systems capable of handling the entire output of the US population in an area the size of the Northeast Corridor (Boston-New York-Philadelphia). These megacities seem destined to drown in their own filth and/or die from lack of sufficient infrastructure to handle things like food and water distribution.
But they're building them anyways. One thing that should be noted is that the vast majority of the population doesn't have freedom of movement the way Americans and Europeans are accustomed to. If you're Chinese, you are on a census list that has your home village (called the
hukou system). You are not legally allowed to move somewhere else without government approval. Tens of millions do so every year anyhow (the
liukou, or "floating people" -- internal illegal immigrants to the big cities). The few situations where you get more or less a free pass to move are:
1. University education.
2. Being given a job in another location.
2. Moving to live with family who are already legally in the other location.
This is a big part of why parents push their kids so damn hard to get accepted into a prestigious university like Beihua. Because it means the kid can move from Rice Paddy Village #763,819 to the smoky jewel of Beijing (or Nanjing or Shanghai or wherever). And then THEY can move there. Because even a shitty job in the cities pays more than being a farmer and means access to a lot more things like electricity, plumbing, TVs, etc.
So real estate speculation doesn't work quite so well in China. People can't just start migrating to another area because housing prices are attractive or the environment is cleaner, or what have you. Although, the
hukou system is one of the areas targeted for reform. A considerable number of people are calling for it to be abolished altogether.