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[RedKing]

There's a similar concept in Polish: literally translated, 'bear's favor'. Something done in good faith that nonetheless and contrary to the person's intentions manages to be terribly inconvenient to you.

It's called karuteene here in Estonia.

And "Karhun palvelus" (lit. bear's favor) in Finland. What can be said, bear likes to help it's neighbours...

No, see, the bear is a globalist plot! Notice how so many countries have the same expression!

...except England, for some reason? If the French fable origin is true, that could explain it

No, England probably has some bizarre Cockney rhyming slang for it.

[LeoLeonardoIII]

There's a similar concept in Polish: literally translated, 'bear's favor'. Something done in good faith that nonetheless and contrary to the person's intentions manages to be terribly inconvenient to you.

It's called karuteene here in Estonia.

And "Karhun palvelus" (lit. bear's favor) in Finland. What can be said, bear likes to help it's neighbours...

No, see, the bear is a globalist plot! Notice how so many countries have the same expression!

...except England, for some reason? If the French fable origin is true, that could explain it

No, England probably has some bizarre Cockney rhyming slang for it.

It's "biscuits and jam".

[Loam]

Conversely, I might posit a loanword other languages should take from English: "whatever." In no other language have I encountered an expression with the same utter dismissiveness as "whatever"; who sayeth "whatever" immediately shuts down all debate and has conquered in the most petty of ways. It is one of my favourite words.

[LordBucket]

Konterbier - beer(s) you drink the next morning to counter your hangover.

There actually is an english colloquialism for that. Hair of the dog. Though I don't think I've heard anyone in the past ten years use it. And it's traditionally a Bloody Mary rather than beer.

[LordBucket]

Are you saying English need a polite pronomen or just annoyed that it's the same in both singular or plural?

Plural you is technically correct, but is not explicit and rarely used. Yes, if you're giving a speech in front of 100 people and say "you" people understand you mean all of them. But if you're standing with three friends in front of a movie theatre and ask "which movie do you want to see" people are going to assume you're asking the one you're looking at, not all three of them. If you were asing all three, you'd be more likely to say "so what do you guys want to see" or "what shall we watch" or similar. "We" is a good substitute in some cases. But it includes the speaker, and that's not always what one intends. "You are all going to die" is different from "We are going to die." So plural you generally becomes "you guys" "you all" "all of you" etc.

Ustedes is explicitly plural.

We have "y'all" and "all y'all".

Yes. Which I mentioned. But y'all is at best, informal. It's not something I can say in california without people giving me strange looks.

I was going to argue that the English needed some informality, not more politeness

...our worldviews are clearly different.

[Aklyon]

Doesn't everything except california give people strange looks in california, though?

[TheDarkStar]

Conversely, I might posit a loanword other languages should take from English: "whatever." In no other language have I encountered an expression with the same utter dismissiveness as "whatever"; who sayeth "whatever" immediately shuts down all debate and has conquered in the most petty of ways. It is one of my favourite words.

What about the German 'egal'? You can say "Es ist mir egal" (it doesn't matter to me), or "Es ist egal" (It's unimportant/irrelevant). There are similar English words, but they are long and unwieldy.

[LordBucket]

Doesn't everything except california give people strange looks in california, though?

Reminds me of an old california joke:

If you ask people living anywhere else in the world, most will agree that the majority of the world's strangeness comes from the United States. But if you ask people in the US, they'll immediately tell you it's no, the average american is a perfectly normal, honest, hard-working individual, not deviant or strange at all. But, those crazies in California give them a bad name. If you ask your average californian, they'll tell you that no, they're also perfectly normal. It's Los Angeles that gives them a bad name. If you go to Los Angeles and ask, they'll grudgingly admit that there's some truth to it, but really it's not them. It's people in Hollywood that give them a bad name. And if you go to Hollywood and ask, they'll proudly admit that "yes, it's all us!"

Though I notice I don't hear people tell that joke anymore now that everyone knows about Japan.

[scriver]

Are you saying English need a polite pronomen or just annoyed that it's the same in both singular or plural?

Plural you is technically correct, but is not explicit and rarely used. Yes, if you're giving a speech in front of 100 people and say "you" people understand you mean all of them. But if you're standing with three friends in front of a movie theatre and ask "which movie do you want to see" people are going to assume you're asking the one you're looking at, not all three of them. If you were asing all three, you'd be more likely to say "so what do you guys want to see" or "what shall we watch" or similar. "We" is a good substitute in some cases. But it includes the speaker, and that's not always what one intends. "You are all going to die" is different from "We are going to die." So plural you generally becomes "you guys" "you all" "all of you" etc.

Ustedes is explicitly plural.

Or you can just look at all three of them? That's what you should be doing anyway if you're addressing them all, regardless of which word you use.

[Mech#4]

In the movie case, the context of "you" would be determined by the emphasis put on the word.

If you said "What movie would you like to see", it would be more directed at a single person but say "What movie would you like to see" without emphasis would in my experience be taken as inclusive to all those in a group.

[scrdest]

Simple. 'What movie do you guys want to see?'. And it's used as gender-neutral anyhow.

[DJ]

What's wrong with y'all?

[Sheb]

No, see, the bear is a globalist plot! Notice how so many countries have the same expression!

...except England, for some reason? If the French fable origin is true, that could explain it

Strangely enough, we don't have that idiom in French.

[Arx]

What's wrong with y'all?

I'm not from the American South.
I have been known to use the Afrikaans julle if I'm in an informal setting where using plural you is important, but that doesn't work everywhere.

[Owlbread]

The word "klette" mentioned in the OP is also in "English" English too, though you don't hear it so often now. It's the word "clot" meaning a gormless, stupid person. Like "berk" and "pillock".

Spoiler: I may try my hand at searching for a few good Scots loanwords. (click to show/hide)

"Thole" - to endure, but also accept something. The verb used for "to bite into a shit sandwich".
Example- "Da', can we no turn the heating oan in the hoose? Ah cannae feel ma feet" - "Ach, dry yer eyes son. Thole it."

"Roaster" - a very 1990s/early 2000s insult meaning "a repugnant, dreadful person, probably a bit crazy and full of misconceived notions about things, like a really bigoted football fan"
Example - "Did ye see George Galloway on TV the other night? What a total fucking roaster."

"Fud" - an insult and noun meaning both "a vagina" and "someone who is very, very stupid".
Example - "Here, is Africa a country or a continent?" - "Don't be such a fud, man"

"Bam" - Glaswegian insult and noun usually meaning a person who is "Below Average Mentality". In more common usage across Scotland people say "bampot". In my own usage (I say bam, not bampot) it tends to mean a wastrel, like a washed up, middle aged, drug addicted/alcoholic failed rocker who hangs around in pubs, thinks he's really funny and always tries to be the centre of attention. Or a guy who goes to pubs wearing an Old Firm shirt and picks fights. Also used as a verb in the phrase "to bam someone up".
Examples - "Fuck off ya bam" - "Who're you calling a bam, ya bam?" - "Yer maw's a bam" - "Ah'll slash ye ya prick"
"Fucksake man John Paul's pure bammin me up, man" - "Here, John Paul, gonnae stop bammin me up, man?"

"Ged" - A very unusual word unique to the rural, Highland part of Perthshire where I live. Said by lower-class farmers. This word has no meaning other than to fill space in a conversation and make sentences end better. I do not know where it comes from.
Example - "Aw right, ged, whit's the craic, like?" - "Nae bad, like, whit aboot yersel, ken?" - "Ach, braw, min" - "Aye, ged.".

"Scud" - a verb meaning to hit or strike, the object usually being a person. The motion is hard and without finesse, blunt.
Example - "Gonnae no scud me er the heid wi that 'hing?" - "Ah jist scudded the c*nt er the back ae the heid wi a brick"

"Creik o day" - an Aberdeenshire/Doric/North East Scottish expression meaning dawn. Basically "crack of day".
Example - "At the creik o day ah'm oot in the fields, min"

"Braw" - Very good, delightful or beautiful. Once common across Scotland, now most commonly heard in the Borders, the Highlands or the North East.
Example - "Aye, wu've goat a braw wee sholtie comin' the day fae the merkit, ah'll put her in the fields the morra" - "Och, that soonds braw, min".

"Moan 'en" - An urban battle cry said in pubs before fights, literally a contraction of "come on then".
"Fuck Rangers! Celtic till I die! Oo aah up the 'RA!" - "MOAN 'EN YA BASS"

"FUCKINSAYTHATTAEMAEYEAPRICK" - incomprehensible expression uttered usually in response to "moan 'en" or as a final exclamation in a "yer maw's a ride" type of insulting match. Precedes the smashing of a pint glass into the offending party's face.
Example - "Ah shot yer cat" - "Ah stabbed yer dug" - "Yer da' rakes bins" - "Yer maw's a ride" - "FUCKINSAYTHATTAEMAEYEAPRICK"

"Bonnie" - something that is visually nice and pretty, possibly beautiful.
Example - "Noo, ma wee lassie, ah'll put ribbons in yer hair. It'll mak ye look bonnie."

"Sair fecht" - literally a "sore fight" i.e. hardship. My great grandfather used to say this a lot. Often said in the expression "Life's an awfy sair fecht fer a loaf o breid" i.e. "Life is an awfully sore fight for a loaf of bread".
Example - "Ah'm gutted ah didnae get the job, da'" - "Aye, son, life's a sair fecht".

"Craic" - Pronounced "crack". A Scottish, Irish and Northern Irish expression meaning both banter and also fun, the kind of fun to be had in a pub or at a party. Can also be used as an alternative to "shits and giggles" if one says "A just did it fer the craic". Mostly in the Highlands and where I live.
Example - "Here, lad, did ye go tae Tam's retirement party the ither night?" - "Aye, it was guid craic, like"

"Patter" - Glaswegian slang meaning "witty banter". To have good patter is key to being liked and having good relationships in the city. Conversely, to have lacklustre patter is truly awful and will make you seem like a bit of a fud. This is called having "patter like watter" i.e. to be unfunny.
Example - "Fucksake man ah'm lovin this c*nt's patter man"
"Yer patter's like watter, mate"

"Sook" - a brown noser, usually, but can also be used when describing a baby, child or pet's behaviour if they want a lot of love and affection. Also a verb meaning to brown nose - "sooking up tae" - obviously coming from the Scottish pronunciation of "suck".
Example - "Did ye see Jock sookin' up tae the the boss the ither night? Fuckin disgustin man" - "The cat's awfy sooky the day, is he no? Is he wanting fed?

"Crivvens" - an exclamation and adjective. As an exclamation it is the equivalent of "Oh my goodness!" but somewhat worse, as an adjective it means very, very ugly.
Example - "Crivvens! Yer maw's crivvens, min"

"Ned" - "Non-Eduated-Delinquent" - the Scottish equivalent of a "chav" i.e. an unpleasant, boorish, underclass person.
Example - "Did ye see aw they neds drivin' aboot in their suped up purple subaru imprezas wi the gold hubcabs?"

"Fanny" - a woman's vagina, but also a very very stupid, unthinking person.
Example - "John Paul's being a total fanny, man. Gonnae tell him tae stop shoutin at the Huns? He'll get us stabbed"

"Teuchter" - a rural yokel, invariably from the Highlands, Islands or central or North-East Scotland. For Glaswegians this means everyone outside of Glasgow. I am a teuchter.
Example - "Aw right, ged, whit's the craic, like?" - "Fuck off ya teuchter bastart"

"Choon" - Scottish dialectal pronunciation of "tune". An exclamation or noun meaning a good piece of music. A modern expression usually uttered by young, working class guys at a rave or something.
Example - "Choon!" - "This fucking choon, man! This fucking CHOON!"

"Stot" - pronounced "stote" or "stoat". A verb usually meaning to throw something at someone/something and hit the target with a degree of impact. Also when conjugated as "stottin" it becomes an adjective, pronounced "stoating", which means something is very hard but almost invariably food which has been undercooked, like when you don't boil potatoes properly.
Example - "Ah'll stot this stane aff yer heid" - "These tatties are stottin"

"Stramash" - A Highland word meaning a frenzied calamity, row, uproar or argument.
Example - "There was an awfy stramash up at the ferm the ither day oer the yows and whaur they shuid be pit fer the winter. It shouldn'tae but they came tae blows, like. A daft thing."

"Heidthebaw" - an insult, coming from a very, very bizarre Scottish contraction of "head the ball" i.e. someone who headbutts footballs. This means someone who is a nutjob.
Example - "If ye dinnae like thon, ye're a heidthebaw, min"

And I can keep going, I've got an infinite supply of words. Truly endless.