Pikes will be better at hitting, yeah. They have a bonus to hit. Same with normal spears. As do swords, and crossbows over bows. It helps to mouse over the attacks available with a weapon on the character screens to see what they do.
In general:
Spears have a high chance to hit and low damage. Great for fending off foes and my go-to weapon for anyone with bad melee skill.
Swords have a bonus to hit and decent damage. Solid weapons for any enemies not wearing armor.
Two handed swords are good for hitting multiple enemies at once. Best used as a backup if you're fighting enemy archers, though.
Cleavers do bleed damage and can decapitate foes. Solid weapons, though their only real niche that I've found is against zombies to keep them from getting back up.
Axes do high damage, bonus damage on head hits, and can take out shields. Probably the best 'default' weapon in the game since they are good no matter what you're fighting. Two-handed axes are murderous with very high damage, but not usually worth it against enemies with bows. Long Axes are one of the best polearms in the game.
Flails are decent damage and armor penetration, ignore shields with their main attack, and can be used to specifically focus an enemy's head. Best weapon in the game against bandits, in my experience, since they nullify raider's shield walls and many bandits don't bother with helms. Good way to get free armor.
Hammers are the best at bypassing armor and destroying it. Great against a lot of late game enemies, not really needed before that. And the armor damaging part actually kind of sucks early on when you're strapped for cash.
Maces don't do great damage but have decent armor penetration. They sap an enemies fatigue when you hit them and have a stun attack. Best if you have the specialization, in my experience. Solid weapons.
Daggers are for assassination. Usually a backup weapon I use to take armor that I want, due to the puncture ability that ignores armor. If you don't damage the armor it'll almost always drop as loot. Great for well armored raiders, bandit leaders, and other well-equipped humans. Also very fast if you specialize in it, which can allow for 3 attacks a turn. Not generally a main weapon.
Billhooks are good single-damage polearms that can be used to pull enemies out of position. Note that moving an enemy will remove things like shieldwall and repost and I think in the latest update staggers them.
Bows are the longest range weapons in the game and can fire multiple shots. Poor against armored targets, great against enemy archers.
Crossbows have good armor penetration and a bonus to hit, but can only fire once per turn. Good against armored targets and for loading then moving around the field to shoot next turn for positioning.
Thrown Weapons have short range but high damage. Best used like long range polearms.
Hopefully this all helps.