This is do-able with mods... I've just started testing my first mod, which I created for the express purpose of scratching this particular itch.
I don't have as many pieces defined as you list; in particular I don't have full plate armor, since the base game doesn't use it, though I'm thinking of introducing it. I defined haubergeons, etc., but removed them to reduce clutter, since there are other pieces that I would always choose (e.g., hauberk trumps haubergeon).
Here are the base armor, armor overlays, and bad-weather cover that I'm trying for my dorfs:
Armor:
coif (leather or chain)
hauberk (leather, scale, or chain)
gauntlets (leather or chain)
boots (leather) or demi-chausses (chain - my term for knee-high chausses)
All of those together cover the whole body except for the face.
I assume stuff made of bone or shell is scale mail, little pieces sewn on to a leather liner. (Too bad you can't use dragon scales.)
I also allow for wooden chainmail, on the assumption that elven craftselves carve the item out of a single block of wood (so that joining the rings isn't an issue).
Overlays:
helm (goes over either coif)
breastplate (goes over any hauberk)
greaves (because I haven't decided what to do here yet)
Helms come in "helm" and "half helm", the former covering everything but the face, the latter only covering the crown of the head. (The latter might be a good choice for dorfs in leather armor.)
I'm thinking about adding sabatons (plate foot covers) and great helms (though I'm not sure the game lets you define a helm that covers the face).
And of course, I'm also trying to decide whether to add full plate armor.
Cover:
hood (or hat, if you don't use a helm)
coat, greatcoat, or cloak
overshoes (goes over any footwear - I can't imagine anyone walking around in chain footwear without something over it.)