You can look through the in-game tech viewer, accessible with Q from the geoscape or by middle-clicking the tech. As of a version or two ago, the male soldier path didn't have anything special, other than a small infamy boost, but did cut off the superslave techs and I think some of the slave armors.
A bit late, but handles are my melee weapon of choice, since they fit so nicely in the quickdraw slot, making them easy to use with a rifle. Less skilled gals get stun batons.
My current run has a bit of a bad start, the spartans were the main faction for the first few months, then everything quieted down and I'm getting bits of spartans, church, and humanists. The guild has only appeared in two warehouse wars maps, so for proper armor all I have is tactical vests, a single tactical armor, and a few pieces of upgraded durathread armor.
I went with the gold codex this time. So far, the starting space suits have been nice for the one underwater mission that spawned, but it was a UFO and didn't come with aqua plastics. I have too much to research and still need to get to the Shadowbat, but that looks fun. Gold looks like an interesting thematic codex later, abandoning the most combat potential in exchange for shinies and support.