As this whole mess stemmed from basically an unregulated monarchy (really more along the lines of no official government and nobility being out of whack), here's a thought of how to change it to a constitutional monarchy:
The King:
In peacetime, the King has a few duties. The ceremonial are to mastermind non-religious ceremonies that are voted to occur by the council, and officially induct people into the Hall of Legends. In terms of power over the laws, they are allowed to veto Council laws, war declarations, diplomatic treaties, megaprojects, and the creation of new positions, but can only recommend these actions if they are desired. This veto power does not extend to the settling of disputes or inducting people into the Hall of Legends.
In times of war, the King's duties expand to being commander of the military.
Impeachment of the king requires a unanimous vote of the council to enact. When a king is voted out, elections are held from the volunteers who are not council members.
The Council:
The council meets once every other week. Once a month, the oldest third of the council is put up for being reelected. Every citizen is up for being elected, excluding the rest of the council, everyone getting 2 votes, neither vote being allowed to be used on themselves. The council has three, five, seven, or nine members in total.
The Council's duties include making laws, conducting diplomacy, declaring war, create new positions to delegate tasks to, vote to place a person into the Hall of Legends, commission megaprojects, or settle disputes. When voting, upon these decisions, every member gets 1 vote. If the King vetoes an action, the council may override the veto. With three members, it would need to be unanimous, with five, it would need to be a four-fifths majority, with seven it would need to be a five-sevenths majority, and with nine, it would need to be six-ninths, or two-thirds majority.
At the end of meetings, the council votes to elect a regent. If there are three members, only one is elected, but if there are more than three, then two are elected. In times when decisions need to be made immediately, then the Regents make the required decisions within the boundaries of the laws created by the Council. If no regents are online, then the King makes the decision if they are. The same restriction of having to act within the boundaries of the laws created by the Council applies to the King as well.
Military:
In times of peace, the Armed Forces act as police, apprehending criminals within the cities under control of <name of the civilization>. Any hired mercenaries or bounty hunters must work with a member of the Armed Forces, and even then, only against members not a part of the civilization. Each citizen who is not part of the military has their ender pearl count limited to 2, while members of the military are assigned one stack. Equipment is to be garnered from taxes, which are divided between the Military, and a Treasury where Council mandated bounties are paid from.
Identification:
Within the first slot, citizens carry their Identification <axe or sword?>. Civilians use wooden for their identifier, basic infantry have cobble, Guard Captains have iron, Generals have diamond, and the King and Council Members have golden. Priests have enchanted cobble, and the High Priest carries an enchanted gold. When not using another slot to perform actions, such as eating, placing blocks, or mining, civilization members need to set their active slot to the first inventory slot.
Religion:
Leader of the religion is the High Priest of Armok. This person sets out the religious practices carried out by the Priests of Armok, all of whom are distinguished as wearing red-leather chestplates, boots and leggings, with chain mail helms.