Hm, going to do a test world and some experimentation. I will of course be using DFhack to have fastdwarf and teledwarf on and embarkeverywhere.
First up, arctic tundra.
Note: All embarks are 4x4.
Tundra, flat embark
prepared setup, Wind power: 40
same embark, Playnow, wind power: 40
Second tundra, shallow valley
Inside valley: 40 wind power
On slope: 40 wind power.
Without a larger sample size, I would say that tundra potentially has high wind power.
High mountains within a mountain range, northern regions, the pole is in the northern part of this world): wind speed 20
High mountains, same mountain range, different area: wind speed 20
High mountains, different mountain range: Wind speed 40 (Though I think this one was at or near the highest points?)
High mountains, near the core of the range, different mountain range again: wind speed 40.
Coast with desert and badlands biomes: (apparently temperate ocean that is frozen on embark) wind speed 40
Tropical coast with desert/wastelands: wind speed 40
Tropical coast with mangrove swamp: wind speed 0, also built on the beach to be sure.
Inland desert (technically badlands/wasteland biome), mostly flat: wind speed 20
Inland badlands (which is in a sort of mountain canyon): wind speed 40
Thick forest, embarked on top of a hill: Wind speed 20
Tropical savanna (sort of a rolling plains, to describe the terrain): wind speed 40.