So this just happened.....
I decided to slap some guns on my mining/mothership and go check the pirates out. It's not a combat ship (at all) I was not going to fight the base, just check out how strong the drones were - I have jumpdrives, worst case they are really tough and I just jump away. First drone cruises up, no problem, turrets absolutely wreck it. I fly off to grind on it a bit and steal some thruster components. While I'm grinding I notice a second drone, ok, no problem.... turrets open up, absolutely shred it. I start flying back to my ship to drop off my loot.... and realize in horror what's about to happen - the drone wreck is on a collision course with my ship and there's *nothing* I can do about it.
I watch as the drone wreck slams into my ship and rips a hole in the light armor hull, then bounces away.... ok, no problem not too much da......oh crap. It smashed one of my cargo containers and there's a huge ball of ore floating around inside my ship, smashing the crap out of everything. I'm finally at the ship, and in a rare moment of quick thinking I trigger the jumpdrive and warp away - I lose all the spilled cargo, but it's better than trying to salvage it while it bounces around smashing everything else apart (I've had that happen before).
Then, to make it even more insulting, the game locks up soon after I warp away and I lose my elite tools (again).... and all the thruster components I salvaged
I didn't get a chance to completely survey the damage before I crashed, but between smashed blocks and lost cargo my ship lost ~40% of it's mass. Considering how much of the mass of my ship is the large drills, that means I probably lost something like 50% - 70% of my cargo
Thank goodness I had the gravity off or the spilled cargo almost certainly would have completely ripped the whole ship apart and it would have been a total loss.
So anyway.. learn from my failure! If you go to fight the pirates, leave everything important somewhere safe. (also the pirate drones are pretty weak unless they crash into you)