Here's some things I've played, I'll just share my personal opinions. My rating list is
here if you really care.
Bold means must-play.
Italics means only partially translated or the game ends on a cliffhanger that you won't be able to resolve yet anyway.
I'll only list things on VNDB (so no Professor Layton or Ghost Trick) and there's also the STALKER MKIII guide you could look at.
HandheldsAce Attorney series (excellent)
Corpse Party series (very good)
Zero Escape series (written by Uchikoshi of Infinity fame)
Dangan Ronpa series (excellent)
07th ExpansionHiganbana no Saku Yoru ni - The First Night (okay, probably should wait for second night?)
Higurashi no Naku Koro ni (mustplay)
Higurashi no Naku Koro ni Kai (mustplay)
Rose Guns Days S1 (wait for Season 2)
Umineko no Naku Koro ni (mustplay)
Umineko no Nako Koro ni Chiru (mustplay)
AgeMuv-Luv (Extra is painful but bear through it)
Muv-Luv Alternative (you have to play Muv-Luv first though but it's worth it)
Muv-Luv Altered Fable (pretty good, what Extra should have been)
I don't think Akabesoft games are very good besides the music but maybe try Sharin no Kuni or G-senjou no Maou?
AlicesoftGahahaha
Nitro+Chaos;Head (the ending isn't very good but it's fine otherwise)
Kikokugai -The Cyber Slayer- (very very good! written by Urobuchi of Fate/zero fame)
Saya no Uta (also written by Urobuchi)
Hanachirasu (pretty good)
KIDEver 17: The Out of Infinity (pretty boring, probably want to play Zero Escape instead)
Remember 11: The Age of Infinity (NO ENDING but otherwise fine)
KeyPlanetarian ~Chiisana Hoshi no Yume~ (okay)
Rewrite (fucking long, but it's okay)
Little Busters is pretty awful, I wouldn't play it.
Type-MoonFate/stay night (very good, although everybody has already played this...)
Fate/hollow ataraxia (WILL NEVER BE FINISHED TRANSLATED)
Tsukihime (interesting, it's pretty good, make sure to play the PLUS+DISC for the short story before you do KT or MB)
Kagetsu Tohya (like Fate/hollow you might as well, I liked it)
Melty Blood (the controls are really good, there's no story besides the original one really)
Liar-softSekien no Inganock -What a Beautiful People- (very surreal and it's a bit predictable but it's short so why not? great art and music)
Shikkoku no Sharnoth -What a Beautiful Tomorrow- (improves upon Inganock and also has great art and music)
Other stuffKara no Shoujo (for more murder mystery fun, sequel just came out)
Swan Song (I liked this although don't expect tooooo much)
Kamidori Alchemy Meister (pretty fun but the characters and story is bland)
Majikoi (the closest I've come to liking school life comedies, worth reading, also S and A)
And a bunch of others that aren't really translated at all so it would be too mean to recommend them *cough Baldr Sky Aiyoku no Eustia Fullmetal Daemon Muramasa Subahibi cough*.