So rather than taxing money inside the compagny, you tax money going in, and money going out. This means that they'll always have money to invest, I suppose.
Eh, that is kinda how corporation taxes work anyway.
The basic structure of American corporation tax is the same as for individual income tax. That is, they tax a percentage of
gross income less valid deductions. A corporation that shows zero gross income would pay zero taxes.
All three forms of tax you propose are worse than this for fairly simple reasons;
Sales tax
As others have pointed out these are regressive. The simple reason behind this is that poorer people have to spend a higher percentage of their income on goods where the sales tax (or VAT, or whatever) will be applied. If there is a 20% sales tax applied to all goods I buy and I spend 50% of my income (post-tax) on such goods I've just spent 10% of my income on an additional tax, after whatever income and payroll taxes I've already had to pay. If someone makes enough money that they can live comfortably only spending 10% of their income then the same sales tax only takes another 2% of their income.
Workforce tax
Very simply this discourages companies from spending money on their workers, depressing already stagnant wages further still. Of the areas where we want to encourage companies to spend their money, I think most people would agree that workers are high in the list. If anything the tax code should encourage better pay and benefits for workers (as with tax deductions for healthcare payments and similar).
Dividend and share tax
This is more arguable, but generally speaking you want to encourage (responsible) investment and savings which applying any tax penalty in this area is tricky and often a poor idea. There are areas of the stock market and financial industry that are toxic and where taxes would be sensible (making short term investments less attractive than long term for example), but punishing long-term investments and savings is a bad idea. On a more short-term, local issue, discouraging investment in companies is going to be a more savage punishment than simply applying a minor tax increase directly on a corporate level, especially for smaller and start-up companies.