Catapults are right now a waste of time compared to Ballistae.
Still, if you want to build a "battery" of catapults, I find it can be kind of effective. Isolating the battery from the invaders and managing an effective ammo stockpile are of course concerns. I don't see why you'd go with 30 though. Just having 10 should be enough. I tend to aim my Catapults at my own entrance.
Making two batteries of five/six catapults each can keep a single-tile wide hallway covered fairly well. But then your entrance needs to be single-tile.
To solve the ammo problem, I burrow each catapult and establish a quantum stockpile at each one. Stops the operator from running to the next 'pult to get his ammo when it's right there. This requires quite a bit of micromanagement in case of seige though. Let's not think about keeping the battery stocked with food and water.
Basically, it's a workable defense, but keeping them loaded, staffed and the amount of building you need to put into even a 10 catapult battery makes me wonder why you wouldn't just use Marksdwarfs. They have roughly the same effectiveness on armor users anyway, but Marksdwarfs carry their own ammo and you can reposition them easily.
As a megaproject though, it's pretty impressive. A fully workable catapult battery is satisfying to build, if overly expensive in time and planning for not that many advantages.