My math trouble seems to come from a mild form of dyscalculia combined with some downright odd ways of processing information related to space and 'complicated' math. I'm fine and fast and strong with addition/subtraction, even pretty big numbers. Dyslexia runs in my family and my mom was an adult before she learned how to deal with letters in a way that let her really read them. I'm not a dyslexic but there's something very odd about how I process words and numbers. My mom was terrified that I'd be unable to read like she struggled with, so my father gave me very intensive home schooling about phonics and how to read starting when I was beginning to talk. I entered kindergarden reading at around 5th grade level.
However I still cannot spell words aloud if the word's more than 4-5 letters long. I say the first 3 letters without a problem, but I am struggling by the 4th letter. I can spell the word right if I can write it. I can recognize written misspelled words at a glance. I have to slow down tremendously to say, or even clearly 'see' the letters that make words. I -can- write them. I can't tell you -how- I write them. They have a texture, almost synesthesia. But it is NOT verbal. And not visual. Touch based more than anything. And 'outside of words' is the clearest way I can describe it. I think I might have had a lot of trouble if I'd not been given a very high degree of extra help early.
I had a lot of trouble with the times tables. Some of the numbers 'made sense', they were clear and predictable and in focus to me. Others were not, and actually still are not. 11 and 7 are really bad. Six sometimes hides with 7 and sometimes stands clear and far from 7 (I can see it when it stands clear). 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 10 are really good for me. 9's very iffy. Treating 9 like it was 10, do the problem, then subtract 1 for each 10 in the problem (like 9x8; pretend 10x8 - 8, cause that's 8 10s) works for me reliably, and makes sense. Most of the other ways to remember and 'understand' 9x8 feel nonsensical and almost impossible to remember accurately - even straight memorization. I blame the 8 and what it does in my head.
I am 100% accurate with up and down, but only about 70% accurate with right and left. I used to be unable to tell which direction was what (east for example) without a VERY CLEAR clue (sunrise would be great). I -love- games, and discovered MUDS when I was about 28. They use a VERY large coordinate grid system with a LOT of NSEW directions (and sometimes some up/down and diagonal movement) and the game patiently rewards/punishes you through gameplay as you properly or improperly move around, spamming directions as fast and accurately as you can while being chased or chasing something, for instance. I struggled for a few months, then suddenly 'got it' and became quite fast at navigating in a MUD.... then a bit later realized, whoa. That way's north! Got a lot easier for me to orientate driving too, to be able to both turn around and backtrack as well as attempt to take a novel route to a familiar destination - two things I used to feel almost sick trying to do. My perception of the entire world can spin, if I 'lose track of where', which I used to do a LOT. My mind could only hold 1, very rarely 2 'markers' and I coordinated myself by relation to that single point, which I very easily lost track of, even while looking at. Now I have a sense of space that's totally different from before, and I attribute that to struggling 'endlessly' in those crazy text games for so many hours, with the game as a very patient and very motivating teacher that instantly rewarded and punished correct and wrong actions as fast as I could make them.
I'm currently in first semester of college calculus. The best thing that ever happened to my math skills was a teacher who thought very similarly to how I do. Different teachers explain things differently, there's various learning and thinking styles. I got to have two semesters with a teacher who explained math almost exactly the way I think, so I didn't have to wonder and try to 'translate' what the teacher was saying into how I think. I would urge you to seek a similar math teacher or tutor. Interview a few, look for tutors/teachers who themselves had trouble or difference with math - especially if that difference resonates with you. Those people may be best able to explain in a way that makes sense to your specific view of the world.
One great way to find such a person is to ask them to explain part of math to you that you already understand. If how they explain it is almost exactly the way -you- would explain it, and makes nearly perfect sense to you, then how they are going to explain stuff you don't understand yet is likely to be very close to how you think and thus far easier to understand than if you ALSO have to translate it into 'you' language in your head.