I think there's plenty of other questions to be answered, like when does an AI reach an age of majority, or otherwise become personally responsible for everything it does (as opposed to being assumed to be under the control and guidance of its parents)? Is it contemporaneous with a human child? Is it far quicker, or far slower due to their manner of learning and of becoming self-aware? If it's based upon 'ability' and 'development', then does that mean that a rebound so that particularly insightful young teenagers get to vote (etc), whereas some people are
delayed from voting until their late 20s or even later?
Yes, the right "to not be switched off", or otherwise be
imposed with dementia (in a HAL9000 manner), is probably something that could be hard fought over, if (and because!) the computers have the wherewithal to understand their situation. It'll be along the lines of various human emancipations (slavery, votes for women, even national revolution and independence from 'home' countries, in a more esoteric way).
A lot of the above may be avoided if AIs are
targetted. Being a computing engine designed purely to understand images and catalogue them, an AI would have no need, truck or perhaps even
knowledge of the idea of a tea-break (well, except insofar as identifying and correctly classifying pictures of people having tea-breaks) and there'd be no need to grant a similar employee right (for the purposes of this argument, dealing with this as a "civil right").
Maybe the question is avoidable while-ever the AIs remain
Artificial. "Simulated Intelligence" would perhaps be a better term. No consciousness (though, in a Chinese Box manner, may well exhibit all the
signs of being fully aware). Perhaps the one reason why it might never come to pass that 'AI' entities gain full 'Human Rights' is that someone will always be able to argue that they
are simulations. Although it does have overtones of some white supremacists denying, to this day, that various 'lesser races' are, indeed, anything other than 'lesser'. I suspect that we may be looking at giving dolphins/etc 'honorary human rights' (again, different from
civil rights, but I'm conflating it all in this example) before we give a computer one.
But there's too many unknowns. A computer could 'go SkyNet' and hold the human race to ransom (or worse, but see
http://what-if.xkcd.com/5/ for
one possibility of how that would end up), a deep inbuilt Asimovian need to serve and protect humanity could veer any such intelligence from even
considering itself equal enough for rights (although there's quite a few examples of "Laws of Humanics", or similar, that nicely dovetail). It also all depends whether the intelligence gets plugged into a means of extending itself beyond its original 'braincase'. (Is it David Brin who wrote the novel 'Earth', in which I remember sentience is given to... well, that
may be a spoiler...)
I'm, in some ways, reminded of the Discworld golems, who have started to attain a 'peoplehood' in amongst at least the racially diverse city of Ankh-Morpork, and who don't take breaks,
per se, but have (recently, at least, and Mister Pump probably did not have these while previously working in his titular job) 'religious days' that they take off from their (proper, paid) jobs, although this might as easily be (or have been extended to become) a form of surreptitious 'civil disobedience', or some other form of purposeful skiving off. But then Discworld has consciousness ascribed to many races (and, quite recently, even
goblins are being recognised as being Not Animals To Be Enslaved Or Slaughtered At Will), plus many anthropmorphic personifications (Death, the many gods, seasons, pure emotions and seasonal occurances) and a few
others (quite apart from dragons and the like, and Coin's staff is perhaps a cheat (as it's consciousness used to be a wizard), I wouldn't care to argue against a certain multi-legged wooden chest being sentient, if it was 'facing' me down).
(And I suppose I sort of agree, in the end, with the ninjaing Megaman, except for the "that can think", bit, unless you add "appear that they" in there.)Fakeedit2: If (any given) AI is an individual, that might not cover it. Only if AIs 'begot' further AIs might they become "a people".